Lesson 1: Introduction to First Aid Flashcards
(70 cards)
1
Q
What are the five roles of a first aider?
A
- to suspect injuries and illnesses and give first aid on the scene
- Protect casualty’s belongings
- Keep unnecessary people away
- Reassure friends and family of casualty
- Clean up emergency scene and work to fix unsafe conditions that may have caused casualty
2
Q
What is not included in the role of a first aider?
A
- diagnosing or treating injuries unless they are very minor
3
Q
First Aid
A
- Emergency help given to an injured or suddenly ill person using readily available materials
4
Q
First Aider
A
- A person who takes charge of an emergency scene and gives first aid
5
Q
Casualty
A
- An injured or ill person
6
Q
What are the three priorities of first aid? (in order)
A
- Preserve life
- Prevent the illness of injury from becoming worse
- Promote recovery
7
Q
Infant Casualty
A
- Casualty under the age of one
*Size of casualty must also be considered
8
Q
Child Casualty
A
- Casualty aged from age one to age eight
*Size of casualty must also be considered
9
Q
Adult Casualty
A
- Casualty over eight years of age
*Size of casualty must also be considered
10
Q
What should a first aider check when assisting with medications?
A
- Check that the Rights of Medication are met
11
Q
Rights of Medication
A
- Right Person
- Right Medication
- Right amount
- Right route
- Right time
- Right documentation
- Right to refuse
12
Q
Right Person
A
- Do the name of the casualty and their medication match?
13
Q
Right Medication
A
- Is this the correct medication for the situation
14
Q
Right Amount
A
What is the proper dosing amount
15
Q
Right Route
A
- How should this medication be taken
Ex. orally, inhaled, etc.
16
Q
Right Time
A
- Is this the right time to take the medication
17
Q
Right Documentation
A
- Recording what was given and when
18
Q
Right to Refuse
A
- Do you have the permission of the casualty to administer these drugs
19
Q
Workplace First Aid
A
- Emergency care given by a person who is trained to be a first aider to a co-worker who is injured or suddenly ill
20
Q
What is a Good Samaritan?
A
- A bystander that helps someone when they have no legal duty to do so
- Provides help without being paid and in good faith
21
Q
What principles should you abide towards in an emergency situation?
A
- Identify yourself as a first aider can gain consent from casualty
- Use reasonable skill and care with the level of skills that you have
- Do not act negligent
- Do not abandon the casualty
22
Q
What are the four situations where you can leave a causality?
A
- When you hand them over to medical help
- The casualty is better and can take care of themselves
- You hand them over to another first aider
-They no longer want your help
23
Q
Consent
A
- The right for an individual to not be touched by others
- Must abide by consent rights as a first aider
24
Q
How can you ask a casualty for consent?
A
- Ask casualty if they need help
- Look for casualty to indicate “yes” in a way that can clearly be interpreted as yes
25
When can you assume that you have implied consent?
- If the casualty cannot answer or indicate “yes”
*You can help with implied consent
26
How can you obtain informed and ongoing consent?
- By telling the casualty what you will be doing and confirming that it is ok to continue
*Casualty has the right to withdraw their consent at all times
27
How can you obtain consent with children?
- Get consent from the child’s parent or guardian
* If there is no parent or guardian you assume you have implied consent and can help
28
What should you do if a causality refuses consent?
- Do not force first aid on the casualty such
- Look for other ways to help without touching the casualty such as controlling the scene and calling by for medical help
29
Hazards
- Sources of potential harm to the first aider
30
Risk
- The probability of being harmed or injured if exposed to a hazard
Ex. Hazard is working at a height and risk is likelihood of falling and sustaining an injury
31
What are the three basic types of hazards to be aware of?
1. The energy source that caused
the original injury
2. Hazards caused by external factors
Ex. passing vechiles may pose the risk of a moter vechile accident at the scene
3. Hazards associated with the first aid procedures or the rescue
Ex. moving a heavy casualty may put the first aider at risk of injury
32
What principles should you keep in mind when controlling hazards?
- Using mechanical means whenever possible (tools, dustpan, etc.)
- Moving carefully when lifting heavy objects off or near a casualty
- Having someone assist you whenever possible
- Turn on lights if possible
- Ensure safe footing
33
* As a first aider it is important to survey the scene for hazards, access the hazards, identify ways to mitigate or eliminate the risks, and then make sure the controls are implemented
34
Airborne Pathogens
Infections that can be spread through the air
35
Meningitis
- Airborne pathogen
- bacterial or viral infection
- causes swelling that affects the spinal cord and brain
36
Tuberculosis
- Airborne pathogen
- Bacterial infection
- Primarily affects the lungs, but can affect any part of the body
37
Influenza (The Flu)
- Airborne pathogen
- viral infection that is easily spread
- Can range from mildly debilitating to fatal
38
Fluid and Blood-Borne Pathogens
- Microorganisms in blood and bodily fluid that can cause disease
39
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Fluid and blood borne pathogen
- responsible for AIDS
- Best defence against disease is to have adequate protection to stop spread of infection
40
Hepatitis B
- Fluid and blood-borne pathogen
- viral infection
- Causes severe liver damage
- Can have no symptoms but still be contagious
- Vaccine was made to prevent disease
41
Hepatitis C
- Fluid and blood borne pathogen
- Causes liver damage similar to Hepatitis B
- No vaccine available to prevent disease
42
* Look at Chain of Infection
43
Pathogens
- Made up of bacteria, viruses, and parasites
- What actually makes people sick
- Can be new or a mutation of an existing pathogen
44
Reservoirs
- Where pathogens live before moving around
Ex. contaminated water, animals, people, soil, food
44
Exit
- How pathogens leave the reservoir
- Common exit paths when infections transfer between people include sneezing, coughing, fecal matter and sneezing
45
Transmission
- How the pathogen moves from one location to another
Ex. close contact with an infected person, contaminated surfaces, (fomites) etc.
46
Entry
- How the pathogen enters the next host
- This can occur through the mouth (eating or drinking), the eyes or nose (muscues or membranes), or breaks in the skin (cuts or injections)
47
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Clothing and equipment used to protect the first aider
Minimizes the risks of health and safety hazards when in contact with a causality
48
What does PPE usually consist of?
- Gloves
- A pocket mask
- Eye protection
- A helmet
- Safety boots
49
What is the use of disposable gloves?
- To prevent direct contact between the casualty and the first aider
50
When should you wear disposable gloves?
- Wear gloves when you might touch blood, bodily fluids, tissue, or anything that has come into contact with these
51
What should you do if you tear a glove?
- Wash your hands as soon as possible and put on a new pair
52
How should you dispose of disposable gloves?
- Seal gloves in a double bagged plastic bag
53
What should you make sure you do when you clean up an area after an emergency
1. Make sure all hard surfaces are disinfected
2. Fabrics should be laundered when possible
3. Porous surfaces or materials that cannot be laundered should be disposed of
54
How should you clean reusable tools after an emergency?
- Wipe tools clean of bloods and fluids and immerse in a 10% bleach solution for ten minutes. Than rinse and dry tools
55
How should you dispose of single use items?
- Put single use items in a tied garbage bag. That garbage can then be put in a regular garbage can
56
How should you dispose of glass?
- clean using a dust pan and broom
- Place in a puncture proof container like a cardboard box
57
How should you carry knifes?
- Grasp knife by the handle and carry the blade down
58
How should you dispose of needles?
- Needles must be disposed of in a “sharps container”
- Ambulances will carry sharps containers that can be used
* Never dispose a needle into the general garbage
59
Sharps Box
- Plastic container with thick walls and a secured lid
60
How should needles be handled?
- Always handle needles by the barrel (plastic part with the plunger)
- Never try to re-cap a used needle
61
What details should you provide to a bystander when asking them to call for medical help?
1. Emergency phone numbers
2. A description of the casualties condition
3. Directions to follow to reach the scene
4. Instructions to report back to you after getting medical help
62
What should you do if you are alone with the causality
- Make the decision to stay with the causality or leave to find help based on the specifics of a situation
- If you have a mobile phone, call from the scene and perform first aid with the dispatchers assistance
63
How should you direct bystanders at an emergency scene?
- Should be asked to leave unless asked to stay and assist
64
What should you do when other first aiders offer help?
- Identify yourself and accept their assistance
- If someone is more qualified to handle the situation you may ask them to take control
65
What should you do when first responders arrive at the scene?
- Allow them to take charge of the scene
66
What should you do if other authorities are called down to the scene?
- Identify yourself and continue to give first aid
67
What are 10 ways a bystander can help?
1. Make the area safe
2. Find all the casualties
3. Find a first aid kit
4. Control the crowd
5. Call for help
6. Perform first aid, under your assistance
7. Gather and protect casualties belongings
8. Take notes
9. Reassure casualties family 10. Lead the paramedics to the scene of the emergency
68
Rules for effective communication with causality
1. Be calm and direct
2. Be respectful
3. Do not use medical terms
4. Call causality
by name
5. Do not diagnose casualty’s condition
6. Be honest and choose words carefully
69
What information should you give to someone when handing over a causality?
1. Your name
2. The time you arrived
3. The history of illness of injury, including signs and symptoms observed
4. What first aid has been provided
5. Any changes in causality’s condition since you took charge
