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Geohazard > Lesson 1: Introduction to Geohazard > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Introduction to Geohazard Flashcards

1
Q

a process/phenomenon that may pose a threat to human lives and/or properties

A

hazard

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2
Q

are geological processes or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage

A

geohazards

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3
Q

The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in aspecific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity

A

risk

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4
Q

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts

A

disaster

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5
Q

disasters defined as one that emerges gradually over time

A

slow-onset disaster

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6
Q

examples of slow-onset disasters

A

drought, desertification, sea-level rise

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7
Q

disasters triggered by a hazardous event that emerges quickly or unexpectedly

A

sudden-onset disasters

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8
Q

examples of sudden-onset disaster

A

earthquake, volcanic eruption, flash flood

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9
Q

Related to the spatial aspects of hazard; the tendency of an area to undergo the effects of hazards

A

susceptibility

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10
Q

Degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes/scales

A

susceptibility

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11
Q

It is the ability of a population to cope and/or prepare to the effects or impacts of a particular hazard.

A

adaptive capacity

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12
Q

Is the degree or inability to resist to the effects/impacts of hazard or to respond when a disaster has occurred

A

vulnerability

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13
Q

vulnerability is a function of what

A

exposure/susceptibility, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity

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14
Q

generally processes that pose threat to life or property

A

natural hazards

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15
Q

most commonly occurring hazards in the philippines (top 5)

A
  1. earthquakes
  2. volcanic eruptions
  3. floods
  4. mass wasting
  5. tsunami
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16
Q

5 other natural hazards

A
  1. subsidence
  2. drought
  3. typhoons
  4. tornadoes
  5. asteroid impacts
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17
Q

if we cannot eliminate hazards, what can be done?

A

minimize it, thus minimize the risk

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18
Q

how to minimize risk of hazards

A
  1. understand the processes that operate, i.e. energy required for the process
  2. develop mitigation measures
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19
Q

disasters that are directly generated by humans, such as oil and toxic material spills, pollution, massive automobile or train wrecks, airplane crashes, and human induced explosions, are ?

A

technological disasters

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20
Q

what are the 3 questions you always need to ask for a possible natural disaster

A
  1. where is it likely to happen and why?
  2. how often do they develop to disasters?
  3. how can they be predicted/mitigated?
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21
Q

3 types of natural hazards

A
  1. geologic hazards
  2. atmospheric/hydrometeorologic hazards
  3. others
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22
Q

are also natural hazards but processes operating in the atmosphere are mainly responsible

A

atmospheric/hydrometeorologic hazards

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23
Q

examples of atmospheric/hydrometeorologic hazards

A

typhoons,
tornadoes,
lightning and thunderstorms,
droughts

24
Q

3 examples of other natural hazards not geological or atmospheric

A
  1. insect infestation
  2. disease/viruses
  3. wildfires
25
Q

These are hazards that occur as a result of human interaction with the environment.

A

anthropogenic hazards

26
Q

hazards that occur due to exposure to hazardous substances, such as radon, mercury, asbestos fibers, and coal dust

A

technological hazards

27
Q

other examples of technological hazards

A

hazards that have formed only through human interaction, such as
1. acid rain, and contamination of the atmosphere
2. surface waters with harmful substances,
3. potential for human destruction of the ozone layer
4. global warming

28
Q

3 effects of hazards

A
  1. primary
  2. secondary
  3. tertiary
29
Q

kind of hazard effect that occurs as a result of the process itself.

A

primary effect

30
Q

kind of hazard effect that occurs only because a primary effect has caused them

A

secondary effect

31
Q

kind of hazard effect that are long-term effects that are set off as a result of a primary event

A

tertiary effect

32
Q

example of primary hazard effect

A

> water damage due to a flood
collapse of buildings due to an earthquake, landslide, typhoon, or tornado

33
Q

example of secondary hazard effect

A

> fires ignited by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions
disruption of electrical power and water service as a result of an earthquake or flood
flooding caused by a landslide moving into a lake or river

34
Q

example of tertiary hazard effect

A

> loss of habitat caused by a flood
permanent changes in the position of river channel caused by flood
crop failure caused by a volcanic eruption etc.

35
Q

Hazard Assessment consists of determining the following 5 points

A

-when and where have theses processes occurred in the past
-severity o f physical effects (magnitude)
-frequency of the process
-the likely effects if it were to happen now
-how to make the info available in a useful form to planners and public officials for decision making

36
Q

Involves not only the assessment of hazards from a scientific point of view, but also the socio-economic impacts of a hazardous event

A

risk assessment

37
Q

how to calculate for risk

A

Risk = (probability that the hazard will happen) x (expected impacts)

38
Q

A statement of probability that an event will occur based on scientific observation

A

prediction

39
Q

usually involves monitoring of the process in order to identify some kind of precursor event(s) - an anomalous small physical change that may be known to lead to a more devastating event

A

prediction

40
Q

what can be predicted?

A

volcanic eruptions

41
Q

refers to short-term prediction in terms of the magnitude, location, date, and time of an event

A

forecast

42
Q

what can be forecasted

A

floods, hurricanes, other weather related phenomena

43
Q

a statement that a high probability of a hazardous event will occur, based on a prediction or forecast.

A

warning

44
Q

rainfall warning by PAGASA meaning malakas ang pag-ulan sa loob ng 1 oras at susunod pa ng 2 oras

A

yellow warning -monitor

45
Q

rainfall warning by PAGASA meaning matindi ang pag-ulan sa loob ng 1 oras at susunod pa ng 2 oras

A

orange warning -alerto

46
Q

rainfall warning by PAGASA meaning walang humpay ang pag-ulan sa loob ng 1 oras at susunod pa ng 2 oras

A

red warning -lumikas

47
Q

what does effectiveness of warning depend on?

A
  1. timeliness
    2, effective communication and public info systems for informing the public about imminent danger
  2. credibility of source
48
Q

full PAGASA

A

Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical & Astronomical Services Administration

49
Q

full PHIVOLCS

A

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

50
Q

full MGB

A

Mines and Geosciences Bureau

51
Q

full NDRRMC

A

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

52
Q

The hydrosphere – the surface and near-surface waters of the Earth – is made of what type of water

A

meteoric water

53
Q

the circulation of meteoric water through the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and upper parts of the crust.

A

water cycle

54
Q

water associated with magma production and the rock cycle

A

juvenile water

55
Q

water held in hydrous minerals and pore spaces.

A

connate water

56
Q

involves the circulation and exchange of elements and minerals within the ecosphere and its environment

A

biochemical cycle

Geohazard (7 decks)

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