Lesson 10 Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Phlebotomists are involved in the collection and handling of specimens other than blood or non-blood specimens such as (5)
A
Urine
amniotic fluid
Saliva
Semen
Sputum
2
Q
There are cases when phlebotomists are asked to transport these specimens to the laboratory. To avoid delays in testing, they should __________________________ on the label of the specimens before receiving them
A
Check and verify information
3
Q
A specimen should be labeled with the same _____________ as that of the _____________
A
ID information
Blood specimen
4
Q
The Label should be pasted on the ___________ not on the ____, because the ____ are removed during testing
A
Container
Lid
Lids
5
Q
A
6
Q
The non-bloof samples are substances produced by the body and can be in either ______ or __________ form
A
Liquid
semi liquid
7
Q
Among the fluids in the Body this is the most analyzed
A
Urine
8
Q
It is inexpensive to test because collecting the specimen is not tedious it is available most of the time
A
Urine
9
Q
When tested it provides a picture of the many metabolic functions of the body
A
Urine
10
Q
Urine analysis also helps in (4)
A
- Monitoring wellness
2.diagnosing and treating UTI’s
3.monitoring progress of treatment in in metabolic diseases
4.identifying the effectiveness of an administered therapy
11
Q
What are the several factors that the accuracy of a urinalysis depends on (4)
A
1.Collection method
2.Container used
3.Transportation and handling of specimen
4.timeliness of the testing
12
Q
What type of patient does the technician handle in urine collection (in or out patient)
A
Outpatient
13
Q
What type of patient does the nursing department handle in urine collection
A
Inpatient
14
Q
This frequently ordered urine test screens the patient for any urinary or systematic disorders
can be ordered during hospitalizations
Also forms part of physical examination procedure
A
Routine urinalysis
15
Q
Covers the physical,chemical and microscopic analysis of the urine
A
Routine urinalysis
16
Q
Physical analysis of urine (3)
A
Color
Clarity
Odor
17
Q
Chemical analysis of urine (4)
A
pH
Specific gravity
Glucose
Protein
18
Q
Microscopic analysis of urine (3)
A
Cells
Crystals
Microorganisms
19
Q
This type of urine collection is recommended and ideal to ensure that there is no contamination caused by genital secretions,pubic hair or bacteria surrounding the urinary opening
A
Midstream collection
20
Q
Aside from the recommended midstream collection this type of collection is also acceptable in routine urinalysis
A
Random specimen
21
Q
The specimen container used for collection should be _____ and _____ with ______________ and should be _________
A
Clean and dry
Tight fitting lids
Chemically cleaned
22
Q
After collection of routine urinalysis when should it be transported to the laboratory?
A
Immediately but can be held at room temp for 2 hours and longer if refrigerated
23
Q
What must the phlebotomist protect the specimen from in routine urinalysis?
A
Light
24
Q
This test if requested if the patient has symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)
A
Urine culture and sensitivity test (C&S)
25
What type of Urine collection should be used in a Urine Culture and sensitivity test?
Where should it be placed?
Midstream clean catch
In a sterile container
26
In Urine Culture and sensitivity testing a measured portion of urine is cultured on a special nutrient medium for ______________
18 to 24 hours
27
In Urine culture and sensitivity if a microorganism is present and identified a _______ or ________ ________________ is performed to determine the most effective antibiotic that should be prescribed for the treatment
Sensitivity or antibiotic susceptibility test
28
This is requested by the physician to detect cancer, cytomegalovirus, and other viral and inflammatory diseases in the urinary system.
Urine Cytology Studies
29
What type of urine collection is recommended in the Urine Cytology Studies
Fresh clean catch
30
In urine Cytology Studies a smear from the cells of the lining of the urinary tract is stained using this method and
Papanicolaou (PAP) method
31
32
In Urine Cytology Studies the collected specimen should be examined immediately but if delays cannot be avoided what do you do to preserve the specimen?
Adding an equal volume of 50% alchohol
33
This can be performed using urine since many drugs are detected in the urine not in the blood
Urine drug testing
34
Urine Drug testing is performed to detect (3)
1.Illicit use of recreational drugs
2.use of anabolic steroids to enhance performance in sports
3.unwararranted use of prescription drugs
35
Urine Drug testing monitors therapeutic drug use to minimize the symptoms associated with the
___________ and confirms ___________
Withdrawal
Drug overdose
36
37
This urine test is performed to screen diabetes and to determine the glucose level for patients who are already diabetic
Urine glucose and ketone testing
38
The urine ketone level test is used to determine if patient is suffering from _________________
diabetic ketoacidosis
39
This urine test is used to confirm pregnancy which can be detected 8 to 10 days after conception
Urine pregnancy testing
(Hinomdomi Ang 8-10 days after conception Kay basin muguwas )
40
What urine specimen is preferred in Urine pregnancy testing
Why is it preferred ?
First morning urine sample
Because it has the highest concentration of human gonadotropin (HCG)
41
These are urine tests performed using urine that usually need a pool-timed specimen
Other Urine test
42
Other Urine tests are performed using urine that usually need a
_____________
Pool-timed specimen
43
Other Urine tests include (7)
Electrophoresis
heavy metals (copper lead)
Myoglobin Clearance
Creatinine clearance
Porphyrins
44
Type's of Urine specimens
Random
First morning
Fasting
Timed
45
This Urine specimen is collected at any time
Random
46
Collected immediately upon waking up from 8 hours of sleep
First morning/8 hour urine specimen
47
A second specimen voided after fasting (glucose monitoring
Fasting
48
Collected at a specific time or pooled throughout a specific time period
Timed
49
What are the 4 types of timed specimen
Tolerance test (glucose)
2 hours postprandial
24 hour
Double voided
50
This Timed urine specimen is collected after fasting, 1/2 hour, 1 hour, etc
Tolerance test
51
This Timed urine specimen is collected 2 hours after meal
2 hour postprandial
52
This Timed urine specimen is collected after collection and pooling of all urine that is voided in 24 hours
24 hour
53
This Timed urine specimens waiting time is approximately 30 minutes after emptying the bladder
Double voided
54
24-Hour urine collection procedure
Di guro ni mo guwas pero Lantawa sa book page 121 kung ganahan ka
55
What are the 6 Urine collection methods
1.regular voided
2.midstream
3.midstream clean catch
4.catheterized
5.suprapubic aspiration
6.pediatric
56
The patient voids or urinates into a clean container
Regular voided
57
The patient voids or urinates into the toilet first, interrupts the urination for a while, and then restarts into the container with the last urine flow voided into the bladder
Midstream
58
Special cleaning is performed on the genital area of the patient before collection
Midstream clean catch
59
The urine of the patient is collected from a sterile catheter inserted through the urethra
Catheterized
60
Urine from the patient is collected by inserting a needle directly into the bladder and aspirating the urine by the use of a sterile syringe
Suprapubic aspiration
61
When the patient is a child who is not potty trained, urine is collected in a plastic bag and checked every 15 minutes until the required volume is collected
Pediatric
62
Is a clear colorless to pale yellow liquid contained in the amniotic sac that is surrounding and cushioning the fetus during pregnancy.
Amniotic fluid
63
Amniotic fluid specimen is collected by the physician using
_________________________ preferably ______ after gestation
transabdominal amniocentesis
15 weeks
64
The procedure is guided by the ultrasound machine and about _____ of fluid is aspirated from the amniotic sacs (amniotic fluid)
10 mL
65
This test is done to detect any genetic disorder; check any problem in fetal development and verify the gestational age
Amniotic fluid test
(Sa book ang naka butang ra kay amniotic fluid pero Ako nalang gi Adan ug test Kay test man iya gipangayo)
66
This refers to the liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid
67
This specimen is clear and colorless and is obtained by the physician using a________ or _______
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Lumber puncture or spinal tap
68
The testing is used to diagnose meningitis and other disorders.
Cerebrospinal fluid test
69
The CSF is collected in _____________
Three special tubes
70
It is performed to check the contents of the stomach for abnormal substances and evaluate the production of acid by evaluating the gastric c acid concentration
Gastric fluid/gastric analysis
71
A tube is passed through the mouth and throat, or nose and throat into the stomach after the patient has done fasting after a specified period of time
Basal gastric analysis
72
In gastric fluid/gastric analysis the sample is aspirated to determine _______ before the simulation
acidity
73
After the specimen is collected what is administered intravenously into the patient?
Gastric stimulants
74
What Are collected and cultured to determine the presence of bacteria than can cause these 4 diseases (name them)
nasopharyngeal secretions
1.diptheria
2.meningitis
3.pertussis (whooping cough)
4.pneumonia
75
Collection is performed by gently inserting a Dacron or sterile cotton tipped
Nasopharyngeal secretions
76
Is a fluid secreted by the glands in my mouth, is used to check for hormone levels and to determine alchohol and drug substance abuse
Saliva
77
Is a thick yellowish white fluid that contains sperm released during the male ejaculation
Semen
78
Semen analysis is done to evaluate the _______ and assess the effectiveness of _________ after a _____________
Fertility
Sterilization
Vasectomy procedure
79
It is also ordered for forensic or legal reasons such as criminal investigations involving sexual assault
Semen
80
Is found between the membrane that encloses the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavity
Serous fluid
81
This serum like fluid fluid is pale yellow in color and watery and it's main focus is to allow the membranes to pass through each other with minimal friction
Serous fluid
82
83
An effusion or increase in volume indicates _________, ________ or decrease in the ____________
Inflammation
Infection
Serum protein level
84
Serous fluid is collected by a physician by the use of __________ and is placed in tubes depending on the type of test
Aspiration
85
These tubes are used for cell counts and smears, Heparin or sodium fluoride tubes for chemistry tests
EDTA tube
86
What tubes are used for biochemical tests
Non-anticoagulant tubes
87
What tubes are used for blood culture?
Heparinized tubes
88
The type of fluid that is based on the body cavity origin should be indicated on the label as follows
___________(lungs), ____________(abdominal cavity)
____________ (heart)
Pleural fluid
Peritoneal fluid
Pericardial fluid
89
These specimens are used to diagnose and or monitor lower respiratory tract infections like TB.
Sputum (mucous or phlegm)
90
When should Sputum collection be done? And why?
First thing in the morning
Because a larger volume of sputum has been accumulated overnight
91
Why is sputum collection done 1 hour after a meal?
To avoid gagging
92
After gargling with water and the removal of dentures what is the first step of Sputum collection (4)
1.take 3-4 deep breaths
2. Inhale and exhale
3. Forcefully cough on the last breath
4.expectorate and expel the sputum into the sterile container
93
What is the adequate amount of sputum needed in it's collection?
3-5mL
94
This specimen Is used to analyze chloride content of patients under the age of 20 with symptoms of cystic fibrosis
Sweat
95
During this type of test an electrical stimulation stimulation in the forearm or thigh is used to transport pilocarpine into the skin
Sweat chloride tests
96
This specimen can be used to determine illegal use of drug by placing patches on the skin for an extended period of time which is further confirmed by subsequent drug testing
Sweat
97
Sweat is used to aldetermine if a patient has this type of exocrine gland disorder
Cystic fibrosis
98
The electrical stimulation of thigh or forearm
Iontophoresis
99
Sweat stimulating drug
Pilocarpine
100
Is a viscous fluid that lubricates movable joints and is used to determine conditions like arthritis, gout and other inflammatory conditions
Synovial fluid
101
Synovial fluid is collected in these three tubes
EDTA/heparin
Sterile
Non additive
102
What tube is used in synovial fluid collection when the purpose is cell counts, ID of Crystal ls, smear preparation
EDTA/heparin
103
104
What tube is used in synovial fluid collection when the purpose is for culture and sensitivity
Sterile
105
What tube is used in synovial fluid collection when the purpose is for macroscopic appearance, chemistry, immunology tests, and observing clot formation
Non additive
106
Is used to obtain loose cells inside the cheek for purposes of DNA analysis
Buccal (cheek) swabs
107
It is a less invasive and painless alternative to blood collection
Buccal swab
108
This specimen is examined in order to identify blood diseases.
Bone marrow
109
A physician inserts a large guage needle into the _________ of the patient or _________ and aspirates ____ to ____ of specimen
Sternum (chest bone)
Iliac crest (hip bone)
110
A hematologily technologist makes ____________ from the first marrow aspiration
Special slides
111
What are the 2 types of breath samples
C urea breath test (C-UBT)
Hydrogen breath test
112
This breath test checks for the presence of Helicobacter pylori which is the type of bacteria that damages the stomach lining
C urea test
113
After the collection of the baseline breath samples, the patient is asked to drink a special substance that has __________ then asked to breath into the ____________ at specific intervals
Synthetic urea
Mylar balloon
114
What substance from a breath specimen confirms the presence of H. Pylori
Carbon-13
115
This test helps in the detection of carbohydrate digestion problems such as lactose (milk sugar) and fructose (fruit sugar)
Hydrogen breath test
116
This test can also detect bacterial overgrowth in the small intestines and is thought to be as the most accurate tolerance test
Hydrogen breath test
117
In preparation for the hydrogen breath test the patient must not take any ___________ for ___ weeks prior to the scheduled test
Antibiotics
2
118
In the hydrogen breath test The patient should not eat certain food __ hours before the test and should be fasting on ______________
24 hours
The day of the tests
119
____ and _____ are also restricted 30 minutes before a hydrogen breath test
Smoking
Exercise
120
Additional breath samples are taken every ________ for __________ and all are sent to the laboratory for analysis
30 minutes for 3 hours
121
This specimen is collected to determine gastrointestinal disorder, to analyze the presence of intestinal ova and parasites, and it is cultured and examined for presence of pathogenic bacteria and viruses etc.
Feces (stool)
122
Purpose of fecal specimen (5)
1.determines GI disorders
2.analysis of the presence of intestinal ova and parasites
3.cultured and examined for presence of pathogenic bacteria and viruses
4.checks fat and urobilinogen content
5 presence of occult blood
123
This specimen is collected in a clean and wide-mouth container that is sealed and sent to the laboratory after collection
Feces
124
This sample Can be used to analyze trace or heavy metals
Hair samole
125
can also detect chronic drug abuse where hair is preferred specimen because it's easy to obtain and not easy to alter or tamper
Hair
126
Mostly collected to aid streptococcal infection detection
Throat swabs
127
128
In throat swab collection a special kit contains _____________ and a covered transport tube and a covered ________&
Sterile polyester-tipped wab
Transport tube
129
Throat specimen collection procedure.
Look at pag 126 nalang kung gusto nimo
Kay taas kaayo and hunahuna nako Dili mo guwas
130
This specimen is collected using biopsy through which the tissue sample is removed for examination
Tissue specimen
131
In tissue specimen collection the phlebotomist should check the proper handling procedure particularly if the specimen delivered is not ______________________
immersed in a solution
132
In case of genetic analysis the tissue sample should not be placed in ________
Formalin
133
Good job
Good job
