Lesson 11 - Biodiversity

Question 1

Variety of life present in an ecosystem
- from the smallest micro-organism to
the largest mammals, including the
ecosystems where they live
- forests and mountains, rivers and
seas.

Answer 1

Biodiversity

Question 2

Types of Biodiversity
1.
2.
3.

Answer 2

Genetic Diversity
Species Diversity
Ecological Diversity

Question 3

The genes are responsible for the uniqueness of every living organism.

Answer 3

Genetic Diversity

Question 4

The biological variation that occurs within species

Answer 4

Genetic Diversity

Question 5

Chihuahuas, beagles, and rottweilers are all the same species —but they’re not the same because there is variety in their genes.

Answer 5

Genetic Diversity

Question 6

usually measured in terms of the total number of species found in a particular area

Answer 6

Species Diversity

Question 7

Species Diversity

Estimate: around _______ species of plants and animals in existence

Answer 7

8.7 million

Question 8

self sustaining collection of organisms and habitat

Answer 8

Ecological Diversity

Question 9

▪ Plants and animals have been used as a source of medicines from
ancient times and even in modern times, animal and plant-based are being
produced.
▪ The pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on biodiversity for its research
and development programs.

Answer 9

Health and Medicine

Question 10

Herbal medicine = ____ BC

Answer 10

2600

Question 11

cough, colds, inflammation

Answer 11

Plant based drugs

Question 12

recorded collection of medical herbs

Answer 12

Greeks and Romans

Question 13

are used in drug discovery research.

Answer 13

Fungi and microorganisms

Question 14

Penicillium mold

Answer 14

Penicillin

Question 15

found mold to be preventing the bacteria around it from growing.

Answer 15

Dr Alexander Fleming (1928)

Question 16

1st clinical trial

Answer 16

1938

Question 17

reports of indicating drug resistance; new antibiotics were discovered

Answer 17

1941

Question 18

▪ Basic need = survival
▪ Stone Age – hunting and foraging
▪ Increasing demands of food = cultivate plants
and domesticate animals
▪ Agriculture and cultivation evolved
▪ Healthy ecosystem is significant

Answer 18

Food

Question 19

are important for crop propagation

Answer 19

Birds and Pollinators

Question 20

survival, protection, cooking, communication

what age?

Answer 20

Stone Age

Question 21

_____BC = NE China-coal- cooking and heating

Answer 21

1000 BC

Question 22

_____ BC = Hydro power – Romans and Greeks, irrigation

Answer 22

400 BC

Question 23

_____ AD = China –oil wells -lighting ,heating

Answer 23

347 AD

Question 24

windmill/ water pump

Answer 24

persians

Question 25

_____AD- ____ AD = Persians- windmill/ water pump

Answer 25

500 AD-900 AD

Question 26

____ and ____ = Windmills / Dutch

Answer 26

1300 and 1390

Question 27

_________ = Industrial Revolution – biomass → coal ‘coke’

Answer 27

1700 - 1800

Question 30

as source of light

Answer 30

Natural gas (Methane)

Question 31

______ = Natural gas (Methane)– as source of light

Answer 31

1820’s

Question 32

______ = Electric generator was developed

Answer 32

1830’s

Question 33

______ = Commercial oil was drilled: Kerosene and Petroleum

Answer 33

1850’s

Question 34

Commercial Oil was drilled

Answer 34

Petroleum and Kerosene

Question 35

first solar powered system in industry

Answer 35

Augustine Mouchot

Question 36

______ = Augustine Mouchot - first solar powered system in industry

Answer 36

1860’s

Question 37

_____ = Geothermal energy

Answer 37

1892

Question 38

Nuclear fission reactor was built

Answer 38

1942

Question 39

_____ = Coal energy- shaped Industrialization

Answer 39

19th and 20th century

Question 40

▪ Earliest civilizations: situated near rivers and lakes; livelihoods dependent on water ▪ Increase demand for potable water: wells began to be used (Middle East) ▪ Irrigation: rivers and lakes ▪ Floodways were utilized to prevent flooding in nearby communities

Answer 40

Water

Question 41

invented by Roman and Greeks; to maintain stable water supplies

Answer 41

Aqueducts

Question 42

were built for water supply

Answer 42

Dams (19th century)

Question 43

Biodiversity in ______ play a crucial role in water resources

Answer 43

forests

Question 44

Natural filtration and water storage systems

Answer 44

freshwater

Question 45

Play a major role water cycle;

Answer 45

evaporation and transpiration

Question 46

is mostly known for its adverse effects, but it also has some benefits. ▪ Agriculture: _______ distributes nutrients to patches of soils to make it healthier and more fertile ▪ _______ can also add nutrients to rivers and lakes ▪ ______ causes long-term damages ▪ Recent _______ were extremely damaging (Climate change) ▪ Damages in both urban and rural areas

Answer 46

Flooding

Question 47

Air

Answer 47

Nitrogen and Nitrogen Oxide

Question 48

❖Promotes healthy ecosystem ❖Balances biodiversity

Answer 48

small amount of air

Question 49

❖Diminishes the resilience and cleaning capacity of ecosystem overtime ❖Harmful to vegetation—damaging foliage, decreasing growth or reducing crop yields. ❖Reduces resilience of the forest to environmental stresses ➢Drought, frost, pest and diseases

Answer 49

Large amount of air

Question 50

❖Promotes healthy ecosystem and Balances biodiversity

Answer 50

Small amount of ozone

Question 51

ozone that protects life from UV radiation

Answer 51

Stratospheric Ozone

Question 52

ozone: ◦ Promotes early flowering - affecting synchronization of pollination ◦ Damage leaves of salad crops ◦ Reduces crop yield

Answer 52

Ground level Ozone (Bad ozone)

Question 53

Threats to Biodiversity- Leads to resource depletion

Answer 53

Over exploitation Habitat Loss Habitat Fragmentation Pollution Introduced Species Global Climate Change

Question 54

a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).

Answer 54

Montreal Protocol (1987)

Question 55

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions

Answer 55

Kyoto Protocol (1997)

Question 56

Aims to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on biological diversity

Answer 56

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2003)

Question 57

➢ the practice of protecting and preserving the wealth and variety of species, habitats, ecosystems, and genetic diversity on the planet, is important for our health, wealth, food, fuel, and services we depend on. ➢ strict implementation of environmental laws (industry/ communities) is needed to prevent further damage to biodiversity

Answer 57

Biodiversity conservation

Question 58

is essential for the processes that support all life on Earth, including humans. Without a wide range of animals, plants and microorganisms, we cannot have the healthy ecosystems that we rely on to provide us with the air we breathe and the food we eat.

Answer 58

Biodiversity