Lesson12 - Genetically Modified Organisms and Gene Therapy

Question 1

aims to modify the genes to enhance
the capabilities of the organism beyond what is normal.

Answer 1

Genetic engineering

Question 3

❖ Considered as the basic unit of
inheritance

❖ Segment of DNA strand that
may or may not code for
specific proteins, which have
different functions within the
body

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

❑ Artificial manipulation and alteration of a
species’ genetic material in a laboratory
❑ Usually associated with recombinant DNA
technology
❑ Recombinant DNA technology
⮚ involves the group of techniques used to
cut up and join genetic material from
different biological species, and to
introduce the resulting hybrid DNA into
an organism to form new combinations
of heritable genetic material.

Answer 4

Genetic Engineering

Question 5

Genetic Engineering produces

Answer 5

genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Question 6

Plant, animal, bacteria, and virus
genes may be combined or crossbred
to produce another kind of species
that do not naturally occur in the
environment

Answer 6

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Question 7

a cow genetically modified to produce human-like
milk.

Answer 7

Rosita Isa

Question 8

contain an extra gene that interrupts the transmission
of avian flu.

Answer 8

GM chickens

Question 9

designed by US company AquaBounty. It is
engineered to reach market size in ___ months.

Answer 9

GM salmon

18

Question 10

✔ greater food security
✔ increased crop yields
✔ reduced need for pesticides
✔ resistance to pests and disease
✔ reduced costs for food production
✔ enhanced nutrient composition and food
quality

Answer 10

Agriculture

Question 11

✔ Reduced costs for drug production
✔ Medical benefits to the world’s
growing population

Answer 11

Medicine

Question 12

can potentially treat genetic diseases, cancer and
infectious diseases, and can produce vaccines.

Answer 12

Gene Therapy

Question 13

_______

discovery of double-helix DNA by ______ opened possibilities of genetic engineering

Answer 13

1953

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 14

_______

first to genetically modify an organism: genes of two
different E. coli were combined

Answer 14

1973

Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen

Question 15

Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen - resistant to
antibiotic kanamycin.

Answer 15

Bacterium (1973)

Question 16

Rudolf Jaenisch, used in research a models of human disease

Answer 16

Mouse (1974)

Question 17

are resistant to antibiotics

Answer 17

Tobacco (1983)

Question 18

US Supreme Court allowed the patenting of GMOs

Answer 18

1982

Question 19

FDA approved the first
GMO (drug)🡪 Humulin
(insulin from GM E. coli);
available in the market

Answer 19

1982

Question 20

FDA approved bovine
somatotropin (bST) –
metabolic hormone for ↑
milk in dairy cows

Answer 20

1993

Question 21

bST means

Answer 21

bovine somatotropin

Question 22

FDA approved Flavr Savr tomato – GMO with delayed ripening

Answer 22

1994

Question 23

Bt potatoes
and corn, and
Roundup Ready
Soybeans –
approved safe by
EPA

Answer 23

1995

Question 24

Weeds resistant to
glyphosate (herbicide)
were detected.
Super weeds
7 to 11 times more
resistant to glyphosate

Answer 24

1996

Question 25

first cloned animal

Answer 25

Dolly the Sheep

Question 26

The first cloned animal Dolly was born

Answer 26

1996

Question 27

European Union favored mandatory labeling on all GMO foods and animal feeds

Answer 27

1997

Question 28

led a project in Scotland

Answer 28

Ian Wilmut

Question 29

On ________, Dolly was euthanized because she had a progressive lung disease and severe arthritis

Answer 29

14 February 2003

Question 30

GM Papaya in Hawaii 🡪 resistant to Ring spot virus; produced Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin (insecticide safe to humans)

Answer 30

1998

Question 31

over 100 million acres worldwide are planted with genetically engineered seeds

Answer 31

1999

Question 32

Philippines: golden rice 🡪 to address vitamin A deficiency in Asian countries

Answer 32

2000

Question 33

Bt toxin-resistant catterpillar-cum- moth Helicoverpa zea– found feasting on Bt cotton crops (southern USA)

Answer 33

2003

Question 34

produce offspring producing the salivary enzyme phytase digests plant phosphorus

Answer 34

Yorkshire pigs

Question 35

Yorkshire pigs to produce offspring producing the salivary enzyme phytase 🡪 digests plant phosphorus

Answer 35

2006

Question 36

research in Eastern Quebec found Bt toxins in the blood of pregnant women and the toxin could be passed on to babies

Answer 36

2011

Question 37

He won the case against Monsanto for chemical poisoning caused by the pesticide Lasso (Roundup Ready product)

Answer 37

Paul Francois

Question 38

French farmer Paul Francois won the case against Monsanto for chemical poisoning caused by the pesticide Lasso (Roundup Ready product)

Answer 38

2012

Question 39

GM corn and poplars🡪 biofuel production as efficient substitute for petroleum products

Answer 39

2013

Question 40

patent on Roundup Ready line of genetically engineered seeds ended

Answer 40

2014

Question 41

Variety of Oryza sativa Modified to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A Additional three β-carotene-synthesized genes Its introduction was opposed → thought to compromise food production, nutrition, and financial security

Answer 41

Golden Rice

Question 42

by German plant scientists Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer (Swiss) to combat vitamin A deficiency, the leading cause of childhood blindness.

Answer 42

Golden Rice (1990s)

Question 43

IRRI means

Answer 43

International Rice Research Institute

Question 44

DA-PhilRice means

Answer 44

Department of Agriculture-Philippine Rice Research Institute

Question 45

Department of Agriculture-Philippine Rice Research Institute (DA-PhilRice) in partnership with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) approved the cultivation of golden rice ______

Answer 45

2021

Question 46

Approved GMOs in the Philippine

Answer 46

Bt talong Bt corn

Question 47

BT means

Answer 47

Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 48

is a naturally occurring bacteria that is commonly found in soil and food.

Answer 48

Bacillus thuringiensis (B.T.)

Question 49

has been used safely for over 30 years to control insects all over the world.

Answer 49

Bacillus thuringiensis (B.T.)

Question 50

The most successful microbial insecticide against different orders of insect pests in agriculture and medicine.

Answer 50

Bacillus thuringiensis (B.T.)

Question 51

Method of inserting genes or nucleic acid into cells as drug treatment for genetic diseases

Answer 51

Gene Therapy

Question 52

______ They proposed that people with genetic disorders can be treated by replacing defective DNA with good DNA

Answer 52

1972 Theodore Friedman and Richard Roblin

Question 53

_______ showed that cells of patients with adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) can be corrected in tissue culture

Answer 53

1985 Dr. W. French Anderson and Dr. Michael Blasse

Question 54

First approved gene therapy clinical research at the National Institutes of Health under the team of ______ conducted to a four-year-old girl _______ with ADA deficiency

Answer 54

1990 Dr. Anderson Ashanthi de Silva

Question 55

First somatic treatment producing a permanent genetic change; goal was to cure malignant brain tumors

Answer 55

1993

Question 56

2003 First commercial gene therapy product ______ approved in China for the treatment of certain cancers

Answer 56

2003 Gendicine

Question 57

____ Gene therapy gained greater attention from researchers but was still considered an _______

Answer 57

2006 experimental technique

Question 58

CHMP means

Answer 58

Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use

Question 59

treats severe combined immunodeficiency due to ADA deficiency

Answer 59

Strimvelis

Question 60

Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) endorsed the gene therapy treatment: Strimvelis🡪 treats severe combined immunodeficiency due to ADA deficiency

Answer 60

2016

Question 61

______ as gene therapy treatment was approved by the European Commission

Answer 61

June 2018 Strimvelis

Question 62

field of study that presents novel management approaches on farming systems that may address concerns about the effect of GMOs on biodiversity and health of consumers

Answer 62

Agroecology

Question 63

Golden Rice (1990s) by German plant scientists _____ and _____ (Swiss) to combat vitamin A deficiency, the leading cause of childhood blindness.

Answer 63

Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer