Lesson 1.1: Nature of Inquiry and Research

Question 1

the word research is from the

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french word “cerchier” and prefix “re”

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cerchier means

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seek

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re means

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to repeat

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a systematic application of scientific methods to the study of a problem

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research in education

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an investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepting theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories of laws

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research

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the creation of new knowledge and or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies, and understandings

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research

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research could include the

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synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes

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the systematic investigation into and study of materials and resources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions

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research

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process of seeking out knowledge

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simplest and easiest definition of research

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the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data.

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quantitative research

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it can be used to find patterns and average, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider populations

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quantitative research

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use numbers in stating generalizations about a given problem or inquiry in contrast to qualitative research that hardly uses statistical treatment in stating generalizations

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quantitative research designs

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the units of analysis called

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variables

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the numbers in the quantitative research designs are the

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results of objective scales of measurements of the variables

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research is the

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foundation of knowledge

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research is an

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important source for providing guidelines or norms for solving different social, business, or government problems

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a variety of formal training which enables us to understand the new development in one’s field in an efficient and effective way

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research

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characteristics of quantitative research

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uses methods/procedures of data gathering that call for measurable characteristics of the population; standardized instruments; uses figures, tables, or graphs to showcase summarized data collected

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other characteristics of quantitative research

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measurable; structured research instruments; numerical data; large simple sizes; replication; emphasizes on proofs

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strengths of quantitative research

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most reliable and valid way of concluding results; bigger sample = more reliable/valid results or generalizations; filters out external factors

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other strengths of quantitative research

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it is objective; it is real and unbiased; the numerical data can be analyzed in quick and easy ways; the use of the statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analyses of data; quantitative studies are replicable

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weaknesses of quantitative research

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costly, difficult and time-consuming; requires intensive statistical treatment, requiring stringent standards; quanti methods also tend to turn out only to proved or unproven results, leaving little room for uncertainty or grey areas

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weaknesses of quantitative research

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requires a large number of participants; it is costly; the information of contextual factors to help interpret or explain the results are usually ignored; if not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete and inaccurate, many information are difficult to gather using structured research instruments

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refers to the overall strategy that you can use in order to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby ensuring researcher to effectively address the research problem

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research design

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it constitutes as the blueprint for the selection, measurement and analysis of data

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research design

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classifications of quantitative research designs

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experimental and non-experimental

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emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys,, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques.

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quantitative methods

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what is under experimental quantitative research

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true-experimental; quasi-experimental; pre-experimental

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what is under non-experimental quantitative research

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descriptive

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what is under true experimental quantitative research design

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pre-test design; post-test design; post-test only/control group design

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what is under the quasi-experimental quantitative research design

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non equivalent control group design; time series design

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converting a true experiment into kind of design for purposes of analysis.

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non equivalent control group design

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employs multiple measures before and after the experimental intervention.

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time series design

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what is under pre-experimental quantitative research design

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one shot case study; one group

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what is under the one group pre-experimental quantitative research design

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pre-test design and post-test design

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types of descriptive research designs

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survey; correlational; ex-post facto research design; comparative design; evaluative research; methodological

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a research design used when the researcher intends to provide a quantitative or numerical description of trends, attitude or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population

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survey

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a research design used to compare relationships.

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correlational

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types of correlational studies

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bivariate correlational studies; prediction studies; multiple regression prediction studies

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obtain scores from two variables for each subject then use them to calculate a correlation coefficient.

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bivariate correlational studies

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implies that the two variables are correlated

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bivariate

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use correlation coefficient to show how one variable (the predictor variable) predicts another (the criterion variable)

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prediction studies

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what are the two variables in prediction studies

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predictor and criterion variable

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use correlation coefficient variables that can contribute to the overall prediction in an equation that adds together the predictive power of each identified variable

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multiple regression prediction studies

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these are non-experimental designs that are used to investigate causal relationships.

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ex-post facto research design

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involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples of study subjects on one or more variables.

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comparative design

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seeks to assess or judge in some way providing information about something other than might be gleaned in mere observation or investigation of relationships.

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evaluative research

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It is conducted to elicit useful feedback from a variety of respondents from various fileds to aid in decision making or policy formulation

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evaluative research

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the implementation of a variety of methodologies forms a critical part of achieving the goal of developing a scale-matched approach where data from different disciplines can be integrated.

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methodological

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what is under the qualitative research design

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focus group discussion; grounded theory; phenomenology; discourse analysis; participant observation

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allows researcher to control the situation.

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experimental research design

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apply to experimental designs with the least internal activity.

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pre-experimental types of research

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Two Classes of Experimental Designs:

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quasi experimental; true experimental

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the quasi-experimental design allows the researcher to

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collect more data

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controls for both time-related and group-related threats

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true-experimental

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employs both treated and control growth

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true-experimental