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Biology Quiz 1 > Lesson 1.2 > Flashcards

Lesson 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

proposed that living
things may develop spontaneously from nonliving matter
and that this process frequently occurs in nature.

A

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY

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2
Q

The concept of spontaneous theory was first put forth by the
Greek philosopher

A

Aristotle (384–322 BC)

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3
Q

pneuma

A

vital heat

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4
Q

states
that life originates from pre-existing life

A

biogenesis

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5
Q

conducted an experiment that
challenged the idea of spontaneous generation

A

Italian physician Francesco Redi 1668

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6
Q

challenged Redi’s experiment.

A

English priest John Needham 1745

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7
Q

challenged Needham’s experiment

A

Italian scientist Lazzaro Spallanzani 1767

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8
Q

experiment that most scientists were convinced
that spontaneous generations does not occur

A

Louis Pasteur 1861

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9
Q

The oldest hypothesis that life came from a divine being is the
most widely accepted belief. Creationist believe that everything was made by supreme being
in a six-day period.

A

DIVINE CREATION

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10
Q

proposes that a meteor or cosmic dust may
have carried to Earth significant amounts of organic
molecules, which started the evolution of life

A

Panspermia

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11
Q

All organisms share common characteristics that guide
in defining what one means by life. There are 5 unifying themes:

A

Organization
Information
Energy and Matter
Interactions
Evolution

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12
Q

Theme 1

A

New Properties Emerge At Successive Levels Of
Biological Organization

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13
Q

Even from space, we can see signs of Earth’s life-In the green mosaic of the forests, for example. We can also see the entire biosphere, which consists of all life on Earth and all the places where life exists: most regions of land, most bodies of water, the atmosphere to an altitude of several kilometers, and even sediments far below the ocean floor.

A

The Blosphere

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14
Q

Our first scale change brings us to a North American mountain meadow, which is an example of an ecosystem, as are tropical forests, grasslands, deserts, and coral reefs. An ecosystem consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life Interacts, such as soll, water, atmospheric gases, and light.

A

Ecosystems

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15
Q

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem is called a biological _______. The _______ in our meadow ecosystem includes many kinds of plants, various animals, mushrooms and other fungi, and enormous numbers of diverse microorganisms, such as bacteria, that are too small to see without a microscope. Each of these forms of life belongs to a species-a group whose members can only reproduce with other members of the group.

A

Communities

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16
Q

A ________ consists of all the Individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area. For example, our meadow includes a _______ of lupine (some of which are shown here) and a population of
mule deer. A community is therefore the set of ______ that inhabit a particular area.

A

Populations

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17
Q

Individual living things are called _____ . Each plant in the meadow is an ______ ,
and so is each animal, fungus, and bacterium.

A

Organisms

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18
Q

The structural hierarchy of life continues to unfold as we explore the architecture of a complex organism. A leaf is an example of an organ, a body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body. Leaves, stems, and roots are the major organs of plants. Within an organ, each tissue has a distinct arrangement and contributes particular properties to organ function.

A

Organs

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19
Q

Viewing the tissues of a leaf requires a microscope. Each _____ is a group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function. The leaf shown here has been cut on an angle. The honeycombed tissue in the interior of the leaf (left side of photo) is the main location of photosynthesis, the process that converts light energy to the chemical energy of sugar. The Jigsaw puzzle-like “skin” on the surface of the leaf is a tissue called epidermis (right side of photo). The pores through the epidermis allow entry of the gas CO2, a raw material for sugar production.

A

Tissues

20
Q

is life’s fundamental unit of structure and function. Some organisms consist of a single cell, which performs all the functions of life.

A

Cells

21
Q

Chloroplasts are examples of ______, the various functional components present in cells. The Image below, taken by a powerful microscope, shows a single chloroplast.

A

Organelles

22
Q

Our last scale change drops us into a chloroplast for a view of life at the _____ level. A _____ is a chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms, represented as balls in this computer graphic of a chlorophyll molecule.

A

Molecules

23
Q

Theme 2

A

Life’s Processes Involve the Expression and
Transmission of Genetic Information

24
Q

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

A

Heredity

25
Q

refers to the increase in mass and size of a
body or organs. It typically occurs through the
multiplication of cells and an increase in intracellular
substance

A

Growth

26
Q

refers to the physiological and
functional maturation of the organism. It also refers to
the increase in capacity and skill to effectively
function

A

Development

27
Q

Theme 3

A

Life Requires the Transfer and Transformation of
Energy and Matter

28
Q

is the ability of an organisms to do work that
allows them to move. It is needed to perform vital
activities such as growth movement, and
reproduction.

A

Energy

29
Q

is the sum of all chemical processes and
energy transformations happening inside the body of
the organism

A

Metabolism

30
Q

is the process by which organisms acquire
food

A

Nutrition

31
Q

is the process of removing waste inside of an organism

A

Excretion

32
Q

Theme 4

A

From Molecules to Ecosystems, Interactions Are
Important in Biological Systems

33
Q

refers to the ability of an organism to
maintain the internal environment of the body within
limits that allow it to survive.

A

Homeostasis

34
Q

Theme 5

A

Evolution accounts for the unity and
diversity of life

35
Q

is the ability of a cell or organism to move of its own accord by expending energy.

A

Motility

36
Q

is factor in environment that causes the
organism to respond in a predictable way.

A

Stimulus

37
Q

is the reaction of an
organisms to a stimul

A

Tropism or response

38
Q

The ability of an organism of respond appropriately
to a stimulus

A

sensitivity or irritability

39
Q

is the ability of an organism to adjust to
changes in the environment.

A

Adaptation

40
Q

two Dutch lens makers who
invented the first compound microscope
when they put two of their lenses together
in a tube

A

(1590) Hans Lippershey and Zacharias
Janssen

41
Q

English Scientist who discovered and came up with the name
“cells” from Latin term “cella” while looking through microscope at a piece of cork

A

(1665) Robert Hooke

42
Q

Dutch amateur scientist who observed some of the first
living cells under a simple microscope ( 1 lens).
He was the first to observe living things in pond water using microscope and name these
small organisms “animalcules”

A

(1683) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

43
Q

viewed plants and animals under a
microscope and discovered that plants and
animals are both made of cells.

A

(1838 – 1839) Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist and Theodore Schwann, a German zoologist

44
Q

Physician
collaborated his ideas with the other
scientists and developed the Cell Theory

A

(1855) Rudolph Virchow

45
Q

The Cell Theory consists of three
statements (some references, says four)
based on the large body of scientific
research:

A
  1. The cell is the fundamental unit of
    structure and function in living things.
  2. All living things are composed of cells.
  3. Cells come from pre existing cells

Biology Quiz 1 (2 decks)

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