Lesson 12 Grammar Flashcards Preview

Lessons 11-15 > Lesson 12 Grammar > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lesson 12 Grammar Deck (50)
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1
Q

To express obligation (I have to/do not have to; need to / do not need to) (Pres. & Fut.)

A

Sub ( ले ) inf. + पर्छ / पर्दैन

2
Q

Past tense obligation (I had to/ did not have to; I needed to/did not need to)

A

Sub ( ले ) inf. + पर्यो / परेन

3
Q

नै is used to express urgency; great necessity

A

v.s. + नै + पर्छ

4
Q

म जानु पर्छ

A

I have to go

5
Q

म जानै पर्छ

A

I really have to go; I must go.

6
Q

मैले यो काम आज सिद्ध्याउनु पर्छ

A

I have to/need to/must finish this work today.

7
Q

म भोलि काठमान्डू जानु पर्छ

A

I have to/will have to go to Kathmandu tomorrow.

8
Q

(impersonal) नेपालमा काम गरको लागि नेपालि भासा सिक्नु पर्छ

A

One should learn Nepali to work in Nepal.

9
Q

टाउको दुख्दा aspirin खानु पर्छ

A

One should take an aspirin when one’s head hurts.

10
Q

to express habitual Pres. & simple Fut. tense, use 3rd Pers. Sing. of हुनु

A

हुन्छा / हुदैन ( दै is nasal)

11
Q

अहिले जाडो छ

A

It is cold now.

12
Q

Decemberमा जाडो हुन्छा

A

It (always/habitually) cold in December.

13
Q

आउने हप्ता जाडो हुन्छा

A

It will be cold next week.

14
Q

In cases of “should” use:

A

पर्छ

15
Q

In cases of “should NOT” use:

A

inf. + हुदैन (हु is nasal)

16
Q

रक्सि खानु हुदैन

A

One should not drink alcohol.

17
Q

Use of “ ले “ as with (manner/how one does something

A

______ले = with ______

18
Q

म हातले खान्छु

A

I eat “with” my hand.

19
Q

म सधै तातो पानीले नुहाउछु

.

A

I always bathe with hot water.

20
Q

म अर्को हप्ता गाउमा हुन्छु

A

Next week, I will be in the village.

21
Q

हाम्रो जाच कहिले हुन्छा ?

A

When will our test be?

22
Q

म भित्र आए हुन्छा ?

A

Is it okay if I come in? May I come in?

23
Q

हिन्दुहरुले गाइको मासु खान हुदैन

A

Hindus should not eat beef.

24
Q

Pres. v.s. + न / नु हुन्छा

A

it’s allowed; it’s ok to do; you may do

25
Q

यसरि खानु हुन्छा ?

A

Is it alright to eat like this?

26
Q

past v.s. + एर

A

after, having done, and, with ‘verb’ ing

27
Q

जुत्ता लगाएर

A

with shoes on

28
Q

past v.s. + ए हुन्छा ?

A

may I/he/we; is it o.k.?; is it allowed?

29
Q

म भित्र आए हुन्छा ?

A

May I come in?

30
Q

हामि भित्र आए हुन्छा ?

A

May we come in?

31
Q

तपाइँ भित्र आए हुन्छा .

A

You may come in.

32
Q

मैले पकाए हुन्छा ?

A

May I cook?

33
Q

तपाइले पकाउनु हुदैन .

A

You should not cook.

34
Q

na + past v.s. + ए हुन्छा ?

A

Is it OK if I don’t? or as statement: It’s ok if you don’t.

35
Q

भोलि म यहा नआए हुन्छा ?

A

Is it OK if I don’t come here tomorrow?

36
Q

भोलि तपाइँ यहा नआए हुन्छा .

A

It’s OK if you don’t come here tomorrow.

37
Q

हुन्छा ?

A

Okay?

38
Q

हुदैन

A

not okay (हु is nasalized)

39
Q

म घारमा जान्छु, हुन्छा ?

A

I’m going to my house, okay? (ans: हुन्छा = okay)

40
Q

न + past v.s. + इकन

A

without doing something ( जुत्ता नलगाइकन )

41
Q

past v.s. + एको

A

inform past & pres. continuous (…ing); used with all pronouns & does not conjugate.

42
Q

(past tense use of एको ) हिजो म पाटन गएको .

A

Yesterday I went to Patan.

43
Q

(pres. cont. use of एको ) अहिले मैले पिज्जा खाएको

A

I’m eating pizza now.

44
Q

न + past v.s. + एको

A

(neg. form) did not or am not doing something

45
Q

किन नखाएको ?

A

Why didn’t you eat? (or) Why are you not eating? (Can be used with any personal pronoun)

46
Q

pres. v.s. + ने

A

pres. or fut. tense w/any personal pronoun.

47
Q

न + pres. v.s. + ने

A

negative form, pres. or fut. tense w/ any pronoun

48
Q

अब तपाइँ गए हुन्छा .

A

Now you may go.

49
Q

आज नोभेम्बर २० तारिख हो .

A

Today’s date is Nov. 20.

50
Q

आज कति तारिख हो ?

A

What is today’s date?