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Medical Terminology > Lesson 12 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Lesson 12 - Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

analgesia

A

Without sensation to pain.

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1
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

Brain disorder marked by gradual deterioration of mental capacity (dementia) beginning in middle age.

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2
Q

anesthesia

A

Lack of normal sensation.

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3
Q

aphasia

A

(-phasia=speech) Without speech.

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4
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, ad internal organs.

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5
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord.

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6
Q

cephalgia

A

Pain in the head/headaches.

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7
Q

cerebellum

A

Part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

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8
Q

cerebral palsy

A

Palsy means paralysis. Cerebral palsy is partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen (hypoxia) or blood flow to the cerebrum during gestation or in the perinatal period.

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9
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.

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10
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Stroke. Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain.

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11
Q

cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain; the “thinking area” - responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, hearing, thought and memory.

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12
Q

coma

A

Deep sleep

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13
Q

concussion

A

Temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually cleaning within 24 hours.

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14
Q

dyslexia

A

Reading, writing and learning disorder.

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15
Q

encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain

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16
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Recording of the electrical activity of the brain.

17
Q

epilepsy

A

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.

18
Q

hemiparesis

A

Slight weakness. Affects either the right or the left side of the body.

19
Q

hemiplegia

A

Paralysis, loss or impairment of the mobility to move either the right or left half of the body.

20
Q

hydrocephalus

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain.

21
Q

lumbar (spinal) puncture (LP)

A

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae.

22
Q

meninges

mening/o; meningl/o

A

Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

23
Q

meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges. Condition is caused by a bacteria or viruses.

24
Q

motor nerves

A

Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent (ef=away) nerves.

25
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A

Chronic disease marked by long periods of remission (stability) and relapse (worsening). Caused by destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS, it prevents the conduction of nerve impulses through the axon and causes muscle weakness, unsteady gait, and paralysis.

26
Q

myelography

A

(myel=spinal cord) X-ray images of the spinal cord after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space.

27
Q

narcolepsy

A

Sudden, uncontrollable compulsion to sleep.

28
Q

nerve

A

A structure that consists of axons and dendrites in bundles like strands of rope.

29
Q

neuralgia

A

Nerve pain.

30
Q

neuropathy

A

Disease of the nerves.

31
Q

Parkinson disease

A

Degeneration of nerves, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.

32
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal and automatic nerves

33
Q

position emission tomography (PET) scan

A

Images produced after injection of radioactive glucose or oxygen. Provides valuable information about patients with Alzheimer disease, troke, schizophrenia, and epilepsy.

34
Q

quadriplegia

A

All four extremities are paralyzed. Injury is at the cervical level of the spinal cord.

35
Q

receptor

A

Organ that receives a nervous stimulation and passes it on to nerves within the body. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors.

36
Q

sensory nerves

A

Carry messages to the brain and spinal cord from receptor; afferent (af=after) nerves.

37
Q

Spina bifida

A

Congenital (present at birth) defect in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect).

38
Q

synapse

A

The space through which a nerve impulse or from a neuron to another cell, such as muscle or gland cell.

39
Q

syncope

A

(syncope/o=to cut off/cut short) Fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate flow of blood to the brain.

40
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words.

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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