Lesson 13 lymphatic and Immune system

Question 1

What is the major function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

Vessels, cells and organs that carry excess fluids from our capillaries to the bloodstream.

Question 2

What are the primary lymphoid tissues?

Answer 2

Thymus gland and bone marrow.

Question 3

What is the function of the thymus?

Answer 3

Site of maturation/replenishment for T cells.

Question 4

What are examples of secondary lymphoid organs?

hint: LN, S, T, P P in I M

Answer 4

• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• Tonsils
• Peyer’s patches in intestinal mucosa.

Question 5

What is the function of the spleen?

Answer 5

It is the largest lymphoid organ that filters blood, removing pathogens and old red blood cells.

Question 6

What is the function of lymph nodes?

Answer 6

Collect interstitial fluid from tissues and contain immune system cells that destroy foreign invaders.

Question 7

What are granular leukocytes?

Answer 7

White blood cells with granules, including eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils.

Question 8

What are agranular leukocytes?

Answer 8

White blood cells without granules, including monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells.

Question 9

What is the function of eosinophils?

Answer 9

Fight parasites and parasitic infections; contribute to allergic reactions.

Question 10

What percentage of white blood cells do eosinophils make up?

Answer 10

1-3%.

Question 11

What do basophils and mast cells release?

Answer 11

Chemical inflammatory mediators (histamines and other chemicals).

Question 12

What is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 12

Phagocytic cells that eat bacteria and release cytokines.

Question 13

What percentage of white blood cells do neutrophils make up?

Answer 13

50-70%.

Question 14

What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?

Answer 14

Primary phagocytic scavengers within tissues; antigen presenting cells in acquired immune response.

Question 15

What percentage of white blood cells do monocytes and macrophages make up?

Answer 15

1-6%.

Question 16

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 16

Mediate acquired immunity.

Question 17

What percentage of white blood cells do lymphocytes make up?

Answer 17

20-35%.

Question 18

What is the function of dendritic cells?

Answer 18

Antigen presenting cells that activate lymphocytes.

Question 19

What are phagocytes?

Answer 19

Immune cells that ingest foreign invaders via phagocytosis.

Question 20

Which immune cells are categorized as phagocytes?

Answer 20

• Neutrophils
• Macrophages
• Monocytes
• Eosinophils.

Question 21

What are antigen-presenting cells?

Answer 21

Cells that ingest and digest pathogens, marking them for destruction.

Question 22

Which immune cells are classified as cytotoxic?

Answer 22

Eosinophils and some lymphocytes.

Question 23

What is the function of innate immunity?

Answer 23

First line of defense against invading pathogens.

Question 24

What cells perform phagocytosis in innate immunity?

Answer 24

• Neutrophils
• Macrophages.

Question 25

What do neutrophils and macrophages recognize?

Answer 25

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Question 26

What do natural killer cells do?

Answer 26

Directly attack germs using perforins and granzymes.

Question 27

What is the complement system?

Answer 27

A series of proteins that create a membrane attack complex causing cell lysis in germs.

Question 28

What is inflammation?

Answer 28

A process that attracts immune cells to a site of infection and promotes tissue repair.

Question 29

What is the function of B lymphocytes?

Answer 29

Fight bacterial infections by secreting antibodies.

Question 30

What happens when B cells divide?

Answer 30

* Some become plasma cells * Some become memory cells.

Question 31

What are the 5 classes of antibodies?

Answer 31

* IgG * IgA * IgE * IgM * IgD.

Question 32

What is the primary response?

Answer 32

Occurs upon first exposure to a germ; takes 5-10 days.

Question 33

What is the secondary response?

Answer 33

Occurs upon subsequent exposure to a germ; is more rapid and robust.

Question 34

What is clonal selection theory?

Answer 34

Mechanism for how secondary immune responses are produced.

Question 35

What occurs during pathogen processing?

Answer 35

A pathogen is phagocytosed by an antigen-presenting cell.

Question 36

What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?

Answer 36

A family of proteins that presents antigens to T cells.

Question 37

What do killer T cells require for activation?

Answer 37

Co-presentation of an antigen with a Class I MHC marker.

Question 38

What do helper T cells require for activation?

Answer 38

Co-presentation of an antigen with a Class II MHC marker.

Question 39

What can occur during immune system failure?

Answer 39

* Incorrect response (autoimmune response) * Overactive response (allergies) * Lack of response (immunodeficiency).

Question 40

What happens in an incorrect response?

Answer 40

Immune system attacks itself or its cells.

Question 41

What happens in an overactive response?

Answer 41

Immune system overreacts to harmless antigens (allergies).

Question 42

What occurs during immunodeficiency?

Answer 42

Immunodeficiency diseases either genetic or acquired like HIV occur.

Question 43

What is immediate hypersensitivity?

Answer 43

Abnormal B cell response experienced within seconds to minutes.

Question 44

What are examples of immediate hypersensitivity?

Answer 44

* Food allergies * Bee stings * Pollen causing anaphylaxis.

Question 45

What is delayed hypersensitivity?

Answer 45

Abnormal T cell response causing symptoms 24-72 hours after exposure.

Question 46

What are examples of delayed hypersensitivity?

Answer 46

* Poison ivy * TB skin test.