Lesson 14: The Respiratory System Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
think 4 main ones: GS, R of B ph, P and V
Gas Exchange, Regulation of body pH, Protection, Vocalization
What structures are included in the conducting zone?
think: M, N, P, L, T, PB, B
mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, bronchioles
What is the function of the conducting zone?
to warm air to 37 degrees C, humidify it to 100% humidity, trap pathogens via mucus, move mucus via the mucociliary escalator
What structures make up the respiratory zone?
respiratory bronchioles, alveoli
What is the primary function of the respiratory zone?
gas exchange
What is the function of Type 1 alveolar cells?
facilitate gas exchange
What is the function of Type II alveolar cells?
secrete surfactant, reduce alveolar surface tension, prevent alveolar collapse
What does compliance refer to in the context of the lungs?
how easily the lung expands with pressure
What does elasticity refer to in lung function?
how easily the lung can return to original size after expanding
Air flows from ____ to ____ pressure.
high, low
What factors influence breathing/air flow?
length of the system, viscosity of air, tube radius or diameter
What effect does bronchoconstriction have on airflow?
decreases bronchiole diameter, increases resistance to airflow, decreases airflow to alveoli
What effect does bronchodilation have on airflow?
increases bronchiole diameter, decreases resistance to airflow, increases airflow to alveoli
What does Boyle’s Law state?
pressure increases as volume decreases; pressure and volume are inversely related
What happens during expiration in relation to lung pressure?
think high P in lungs vs AP
pressure in the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure
What happens during inhalation in relation to lung pressure?
think P in L is low than AP
pressure in the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure
What happens to thoracic volume when the diaphragm contracts?
contraction = higher TV
increases thoracic volume
What is tidal volume?
think amount of air in and out during rest
amount of air expired or inspired per breath during quiet, unforced breathing
What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?
volume inspired above tidal volume
What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?
volume expired forcefully after the end of normal expiration
What is residual volume?
volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation
What is vital capacity?
amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximum inhale; sum of IRV + ERV + VT
What is total lung capacity?
Vital capacity plus residual volume
What occurs in restrictive lung disease?
compliance decreases, inspiratory muscles work harder to expand the lungs
