Lesson 2

Question 1

Outer boundary of the cell
– Separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment
– Regulates material moving into and out of the cell

Answer 1

Plasma membrane

Question 2

Ability of the membrane to let some materials in and keep others out

Answer 2

Selective permeability

Question 3

Has a constantly changing and shifting phospholipid bilayer (fluid)
• Has different proteins embedded on it (mosaic)

Answer 3

Fluid mosaic

Question 4

– Portion of the cell outside the
nucleus
– Contains all the other cell organelles

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

Fluid part of the cytoplasm
• where organelles are suspended

Answer 5

Cytosol

Question 6

Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration (metabolizes glucose)

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

site of protein synthesis
-links amino acids together to form proteins

Answer 7

Ribosomes

Question 8

transport system within the cell - transport cell materials

Answer 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum two types

Answer 9

Rough and smooth

Question 10

has ribosomes which give it its “rough” appearance -functions in protein synthesis

Answer 10

Rough er

Question 11

mostly contains enzymes that function in lipid synthesis)

Answer 11

Smooth er

Question 12

-flattened stacks of membranes
–collects, packages and modifies cell materials to be used in other parts of the cell or transported out of the cell

Answer 12

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

-digests and recycles old cell parts, sometimes bacteria
-contain high levels of enzymes

Answer 13

Lysosomes

Question 14

used during cell division to move and separate chromosomes
- only found in animal cells

Answer 14

Centrioles

Question 15

The cell control center
– Contains the chromosomes
– Separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane
􏰀 nuclear envelope

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

Contained in the cell’s nucleus.

Answer 16

Chromosomes

Question 17

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Answer 17

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

Question 18

produces daughter cell identical to the parent.

Answer 18

Mitotic cell division

Question 19

cell grows in size
– organelles replicated
___ – replication of DNA
– synthesis of proteins
associated with DNA
___ – synthesis of proteins associated with mitosis

Answer 19

Interphase

Question 20

Division of somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) in eukaryotic organisms.
A single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Daughter cells have same # of chromosomes as does parent cell.

Answer 20

Mitosis

Question 21

Mitosis 4 sub-phases:

Answer 21

1st – Prophase
2nd – Metaphase
3rd – Anaphase
4th – Telophase

Question 22

chromosomes condense
- spindle fibers form
(spindle fibers are specialized microtubules radiating out from centrioles)
- chromosomes are captured by spindle

Answer 22

Prophase

Question 23

chromosomes align along equator of the cell, with one kinetochore facing each pole

Answer 23

Metaphase

Question 24

sister chromatids separate
• spindle fibers attached to kinetochores shorten and
pull chromatids towards the poles.
• free spindle fibers lengthen and push poles of cell apart

Answer 24

Anaphase

Question 25

spindle fibers disintegrate
• nuclear envelopes form around both groups of chromosomes
•chromosomes revert to their extended state
• cytokinesis occurs, enclosing each daughter nucleus into a separate cell

Answer 25

Telophase

Question 26

undergo cytokinesis by forming a cell plate between the two daughter nuclei.

Answer 26

Plant cell

Question 27

undergo cytokinesis through the formation of a cleavage furrow. A ring of microtubules contract, pinching the cell in half.

Answer 27

Animal cell