Lesson 4 Genetics

Question 1

Biomolecules made up of

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

The genetic material of the cell
■ Double helical structure

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

What does the DNA do?

Answer 4

Codes sequence of amino acids in proteins
■ Controls protein synthesis
IN OTHER WORDS…
■ It influences the trait and characteristic of an animal

Question 5

What is the DNA composed of?

Answer 5

Sugar-phosphate backbone – Sugardeoxyribose
– Phosphate group

Nucleobase – Adenine
– Guanine – Cytosine – Thymine

Question 6

■ Receives information from DNA
■ Carries the amino acids

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

RNA

Answer 7

Ribonucleic acid

Question 8

What is the RNA composed of?

Answer 8

■ Sugar-phosphate backbone – Sugarribose
– Phosphate group
■ Nucleobase – Adenine
– Guanine – Cytosine – Uracil

Question 9

What are the 3 main types of RNA?

Answer 9

■ Messenger RNA (mRNA)
– Receives genetic instructions for synthesizing proteins
■ Transfer RNA (tRNA)
– Picks up amino acids and helps
position the amino acids
■ Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
– Along with proteins, makes up ribosomes

Question 10

Receives genetic instructions for synthesizing proteins

Answer 10

■ Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 11

Picks up amino acids and helps
position the amino acids

Answer 11

Transfer Rna (tRNA)

Question 12

Along with proteins, makes up ribosomes

Answer 12

Ribosomal RNA

Question 13

Creation of new DNA from one old template –
Semiconservative

Answer 13

Replication

Question 14

Information from DNA to RNA

Answer 14

Transcription

Question 15

Creation of protein
– Information from RNA to protein

Answer 15

Translation

Question 16

SEXUALLY reproducing eukaryotes, have 2 types of body cells…

Answer 16

Somatic cells
Sex cells

Question 17

What is cell division of gametes called?

Answer 17

Meiosis

Question 18

A single germ cell divides into four unique daughter cells.

Answer 18

Meiosis

Question 19

Daughter cells have half the # of chromosomes as parent cell,
so they considered

Answer 19

Haploid

Question 20

one copy of each chromosome
– designated as “n”, the number of chromosomes in one “set”
- gametes

Answer 20

Haploid

Question 21

two sets of chromosomes - two of each chromosome – designated as “2n”
- somatic cells

Answer 21

Diploid

Question 22

organisms receive one of each type of chromosome from female parent (maternal chromosomes) and one of each type of chromosome from male parent

Answer 22

Diploid

Question 23

Chromosomes exist in pairs in diploid (2n)
cells.

Answer 23

Homologous

Question 24

Manysingle-celled organisms reproduce by splitting, budding.

Answer 24

Asexual reproduction

Question 25

Some multicellular organisms can reproduce asexually, produce

Answer 25

Clones

Question 26

• Fusion of two gametes to produce a single zygote. • Introduces greater genetic variation, allows genetic recombination. • With exception of self- fertilizing organisms, zygote has gametes from two different parents. Images: Peter, Lois & Stewie, The Family Guy

Answer 26

Sexual reproduction

Question 27

In meiosis, there are 2 divisions of the nucleus

Answer 27

Meiosis 1 and 2

Question 28

Homologues break at identical locations, then rejoin opposite partners. • This creates new combinations of the alleles on each chromosome. • Occurs randomly several times on every chromosome. • Results in mixing of the genes you inherited from your parents. From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on Scien

Answer 28

Crossing over

Question 29

Males produce sperm throughout life, after the onset of puberty, ab

Answer 29

1,500 sperm per second

Question 30

During oogenesis, three develop as the mature ovum is generated.

Answer 30

Polar bodies

Question 31

contain little cytoplasm and eventually degenerate.

Answer 31

Polar bodies