lesson 2 Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
a device that accepts information and manipulates it for some result based on a program, software, or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed
A
computer
2
Q
Three Principal Characteristics of Computer
A
- responds to a specific set of instructions
- execute pre recorded list of directions
- store and retrieve large amounts of data
3
Q
4 kinds of Computer
A
- supercomputers
- mainframe computers
- minicomputers
- microcomputers
4
Q
- Any of a class of extremely powerful computers.
- the fastest high-performance systems.
- used for scientific and engineering work that requires a high speed computations
A
Supercomputers
5
Q
- known as Big Iron.
- used by large organizations for critical applications such as bulk data processing like census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large scale transaction processing
A
Mainframe computers
6
Q
- smaller, less expensive, less powerful than a mainframe but more powerful than a personal computer
- used for scientific and engineering computations, business transactions, file handling, database management.
A
minicomputers
7
Q
- a complete computer on a small scale, designed to be used by one person at a time.
- called as PC
- single chip microprocessor which includes laptops and desktops.
A
microcomputers
8
Q
Two classifications of micro computer
A
- personal computer
- workstation
9
Q
- designed for individual use
- internet browsing, email, multimedia playback, and gaming
A
Personal Computer
10
Q
- designed for scientific applications.
- commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-used systems
A
Workstations
11
Q
Five Basic operations of a Computer
A
- input
- processing
- storage
- output
- communications
12
Q
known as raw facts and figures that are processed into information
A
Data
13
Q
the data has been summarized or otherwise transformed for use in decision making
A
Information
14
Q
a collection of code that drives a computer to perform a related group of tasks
A
Software
15
Q
Two types of software
A
- system software
- application software
16
Q
a software run by the computer to manage or control the hardware
A
system software
17
Q
a software related to a specific real life situation accomplishing a specific task.
- industry calls it “apps”
A
application software
18
Q
- put in
- can be nearly any kind of data - letters, numbers, symbols, colors, temperatures, sounds or whatever raw materials are needed
A
input operations
19
Q
- set of activities and techniques used to manage and optimize the production of goods and services in an organization
A
processing operations
20
Q
a mechanism that enables a computer to retain data, either temporarily or permanently
A
storage operations
21
Q
Two types of Storage
A
- Primary Storage
- Secondary Storage
22
Q
a key component of a computer system that enables it to function.
- includes random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), cache and flash memory.
A
Primary Storage
23
Q
called as auxiliary storage
- non volatile, used to store data and programs for retrieval.
- magnetic or optical storage media
A
Secondary Storage
24
Q
- put out
- data signals sent by the output device in response to the input
A
output operations
25
two types of outputs
- softcopy
- hardcopy
26
- electronic copy
- file viewed on a computer, doesn't exist in physical form
- transmitted as an email attachment
Softcopy
27
- printed and referred to as permanent copy
- can be touched such as a newspaper, magazine, books, and etc.
hardcopy
28
any processes that allow you to communicate which feature a computer or computer program.
- sending data to one or more device
communication operations
29
earliest computers originally calculations were computed by humans
computers
30
first use of the word recorded in 1613. referring to as a person who carried out calculations or computations.
computer
31
Basic Computing Devices
- Tally Sticks
- Abacus
- Napier's Bone
- Slide Ruler
- Pascaline
- Stepped Reckoner
- Jacquard Loom
- Arithmometer
32
ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, and even messages
Tally sticks
33
mathematical device used to aid an individual performing mathematical calculations. Invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C
Abacus
34
known as Napier's Rod, numbered rods that can be used to perform multiplication if any number by a 2 - 9
Napier's Bone
35
he invented the Napier's Bone in 1614
John Napier
36
hand-operated mechanical calculator, slideable ruler for evaluating mathematical operations
slide ruler
37
he invented the slide ruler in 1622 based on napier's idea about logarithms.
William Oughtred
38
Invented by someone that produces in any quantity by manipulating its dials
Blaise Pascal
39
mechanical calculator that can multiply repeated addition and shifting
stepped reckoner
40
he invented the stepped reckoner in 1672
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
41
mechanical loom / automatic loom controlled by punched cards
- jacquard loom
42
he invented the jacquard loom in 1881
Joseph Marie Jacquard
43
mechanical loom as the first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine.
arithmometer
44
he invented arithmometer im 1820
Thomas de Colmar
45
both automatic, mechanical calculator that is designed to tabulate polynomial functions, the first mechanical computer
difference engine and analytical engine
46
father of the computer in 1822 and 1834
- invented the difference engine and analytical engine
Charles Babbage
47
Considered as the first computer programmer, known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.
Agusta Ada Byron
48
known as the first printing calculator, by spinning the handle, it automatically calculates and prints out the numbers in logarithmic table
Scheutzian Calculation Engine
49
electromechanical machine designed to assist in summarizing information stored on punched cards
tabulating machine
50
Tabulating machine is invented by someone in 1890
Herman Hollerith
51
known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)
- one of the earliest general-purpose electromechanical computers used in the war effort during the last part of World War II
Harvard Mark I
52
a motor-driven mechanical computer.
- binary electrically driven mechanical calculator with limited programmability, reading instructions from punched celluloid film.
Z1 Computer
53
Z1 computer was invented by who?
Konrad Zuse
54
known as ABC, first automatic electronic digital computer.
- first electronic ALU (arithmetic logic unit) which is integrated into every modern processor's design
Atanasoff Berry Computer
55
the first commercially successful portable computer, released on April 3, 1981 By Osborne Computer Corporation
- portable device, can be hand carried when the keyboard is closed.
Osborne 1
56
- world's first general-purpose electronic computer, programmable computer.
- manual process
- electronic numerical integrator and computer
ENIAC
57
- earliest electronic computers
- Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
- binary serial computer with addition, subtraction, multiplication, programmed division and automatic checking with an ultrasonic serial memory
EDVAC
58
Early british Computer
- second electronic digital stored-program computer to go into regular service
- electronic delay storage automatic calculator
EDSAC
59
- first general-purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced by the United States.
UNIVAC 1
60
they are the inventors of ENIAC and UNIVAC 1
presper eckert and john mauchly
61
founded by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. Incorporated in 1947, it was formed to build new computer designs for commercial and military applications
- The Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation
EMCC
62
Basic Computing Ages
- Premechanical
- Mechanical
- Electromechanical
- Electronic
63
earliest age of information technology
- 3000B.C and 1450A.D
premechanical
64
between our current technology and its ancestors
- 1450-1840
Mechanical
65
beginning of telecommunication
- 1840-1940
electromechanical
66
what we currently live in
- 1940 and now
electronic
67
Five Generation of computer
- first - 1946 to 1958
- second - 1959 to 1964
- third - 1965 to 1970
- fourth - 1971 to today
- fifth - today to future
68
primary generation computers was a fragile glass device
- vacuum tube, heavy and really large.
- calculations, storage and control purpose
First Generations
69
technology of transistors
- core storage
- composed of semiconductor material and amplifies a sign or opens and closes a circuit
second generation
70
integrated circuits, or IC.
- silicon chips - semiconductor
third generations
71
microprocessors
- smaller size of computers with larger capacities
fourth generation
72
generation of computers as Ai.
- voice recognition, area of medicine, entertainment.
fifth generation
