Lesson 2 Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
Ankyl/o
A
Crooked, bent, stiff
2
Q
Burs/o
A
Bursa
3
Q
Chondr/o
A
Cartilage
4
Q
Cost/o
A
Rib
5
Q
Crani/o
A
Skull
6
Q
Fasci/
A
Fascia
7
Q
Fibr/o
A
Fibrous tissue
8
Q
Kines/o, kinesi/o
A
Movement
9
Q
Kyph/o
A
Bent, hump
10
Q
Lord/o
A
Curve
11
Q
Lumb/o
A
Lumbar, lower back
12
Q
Muscul/o
A
Muscle
13
Q
Myel/o
A
Bone marrow, spinal cord
14
Q
My/o
A
Muscle
15
Q
Orth/o
A
Straight, normal
16
Q
Oste/o
A
Bone
17
Q
Ped/o & Pod/o
A
Foot
18
Q
Phalang/o
A
Bones of the fingers and toes
19
Q
Radicul/o
A
Nerve or root
20
Q
Scoli/o
A
Curved, bent
21
Q
Spondyl/o
A
Vertebrae, vertebral column
22
Q
Synovi/o
A
Synovial membrane or fluid
23
Q
Ten/o, Tendin/o
A
Tendon
24
Q
Vertebr/o
A
Vertebra
25
-desis
Fixation of a bone or joint, bind together, fuse
26
-ectomy
Surgical excision (removal)
27
-listhesis
Slipping
28
-lysis
Loosening or setting free
29
-malacia
Abnormal softening
30
-necrosis
Tissue death
31
-oma
Tumor
32
-osis
Condition
33
-penia
Deficiency
34
-plasty
Surgical repair
35
-plegia
Paralysis
36
-porosis
Porous condition
37
-rrhaphy
Surgical suturing
38
-rrhexis
Rupture
39
-scopy
Visual examination
40
-tomy
Cutting into the organ or area
41
-ium/-ia
Abnormal condition, disease
42
-ic
Pertaining to
43
ACL
Anterior cruciate ligament (of the knee)
44
ADLs
Activities of daily living (dressing, bathing, feeding, toileting)
45
AKA
Above-the-knee amputation
46
BDT
Bone density testing
47
BKA
Below-the knee amputation
48
C1–C7
Cervical vertebrae
49
C-spine
Cervical spine
50
CFS
Chronic fatigue syndrome
51
CTS
Carpal tunnel syndrome
52
DJD
Degenerative joint disease
53
EMG
Electromyography
54
Fx
Fracture
55
L1–L5
Lumbar vertebrae
56
LBP
Low back pain
57
MD
Muscular dystrophy
58
MG
Myasthenia gravis
59
NSAID
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
60
OA
Osteoarthritis
61
OP
Osteoporosis
62
ORIF
Open reduction internal fixation
63
Ortho
Orthopedics
64
OT
Occupational therapy
65
PT
Physical therapy
66
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis
67
RICE
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
68
ROM
Range of motion
69
RSD
Repetitive stress disorder
70
SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus
71
T1–T12
Thoracic vertebrae
72
TKR
Total knee replacement
73
TMJ
Temporomandibular joint
74
arthrodesis
a surgical procedure to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.
75
arthroscopy
visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
76
comminuted fracture
one in which the bone is splintered or crushed.
77
compression fracture
a broken bone that occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself.
78
crepitation
the crackling sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.
79
dual x-ray absorptiometry
a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density.
80
hemarthrosis
blood within a joint
81
hemopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells
82
kyphosis
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.
83
lordosis
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.
84
lumbago
the lumbar region of the spine, also known as low back pain.
85
orthotic
a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
86
osteoclasis
the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.
87
osteopenia
thinner than average bone density.
88
osteoporosis
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging.
89
Paget's disease
a bone disease of unknown cause that is characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation.
90
prosthesis
an artificial substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated.
91
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
92
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.
93
abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.`
94
adduction
the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
95
adhesion
band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.
96
atrophy
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.
97
circumduction
circular movement at the far end of a limb.
98
electromyography
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.
99
hemiparesis
slight paralysis of one side of the body.
100
hemiplegia
the total paralysis of one side of the body.
101
myasthenia gravis
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of the voluntary muscles.
102
myoparesis
a weakness or slight paralysis of the muscle.
103
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.
104
pronation
act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.
105
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities.
106
sarcopenia
age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass in the elderly.
107
tenodesis
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.
108
tenolysis
freeing a tendon from adhesions.
109
Bones
Bone is a living tissue that can grow and repair itself. Bone is made mostly of collagen and calcium. Collagen is a protein that provides a soft framework, and calcium is a mineral that adds strength and hardness. This combination of collagen and calcium makes bone flexible and strong enough to withstand stress.
110
Joints
A joint is the point at which two or more bones are connected.
111
Cartilage
Cartilage is a lining that keeps the bones from grinding against each other. It is softer and more flexible than bone and is found in many other body parts, such as the rib cage, external ear, tip of the nose, and intervertebral disks.
112
Ligaments
Ligaments are strong, elastic bands of tissue that join bones to other bones.
113
Bursae
A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that cushions areas subject to friction, such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints.
114
axial skeleton
protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs and is organized into three main parts: the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
115
Axial skeleton: skull
The bones of the skull can be divided into two groups: those of the cranium and those of the face. The eight bones that form the cranium protect the brain. There are 14 bones that form the face. The auditory ossicles are the three tiny bones located in each middle ear.
116
Axial skeleton: Rib cage
The rib cage protects the heart and lungs. It consists of 24 ribs, a sternum (breastbone), and 12 thoracic vertebrae of the spinal column.
117
Axial skeleton: Vertebral column
Also known as the spinal column, the vertebral column supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord. The bony structures of the spinal column are called vertebrae. There are 26 vertebrae: seven cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, one sacrum, and one coccyx. Intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers that separate and cushion the vertebrae.
118
Axial skeleton: hyoid bone
The hyoid bone is located on the throat between the chin and the thyroid gland. It is the only bone in the body that is not connected to any other nearby bones. Instead, the hyoid bone is an attachment point for muscles of the tongue, mouth, larynx, pharynx, and epiglottis.
119
Axial skeleton: ossicles
The ossicles are three tiny bones located in the middle ear. Their function is to transmit vibrations from sound waves in the air to the cochlea within the ear.
120
appendicular skeleton
attached to the axial skeleton through joints and muscles
121
appendicular skeleton: bones of the upper extremities
include the bones of the shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, hands, and finger
122
appendicular skeleton: shoulder girdle
pectoral girdle, is a set of bones that connects to the arms on each side. These bones are highly mobile to enhance the range of upper limb movements.
123
appendicular skeleton: bones of the lower extremities
include the bones of the hips, legs, thighs, ankles, feet, and toes
124
appendicular skeleton: pelvic girdle
a largely immobile, bony, weight-bearing structure that provides a strong foundation for the upper body as it rests on top of the mobile lower limbs.
125
muscle
a band of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract
126
Skeletal muscles
Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones and help limbs and other body parts move. These muscles are under conscious, or voluntary, control. They are also known as striated muscles because, under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance. Striated means striped.
127
Smooth muscles
Smooth muscles (named because they do not have striations) make up the walls of hollow organs (intestine, stomach, urinary bladder, uterus), blood vessels, and internal muscles of the eye. These muscles are under involuntary control, which means they are not consciously directed.
128
Myocardial muscles
Myocardial, or cardiac, muscles make up the wall of the heart and are responsible for the forceful contractions of the heart. The action of these muscles is also involuntary.
129
Fascia
the densely woven sheath of connective tissue that supports muscles, bones, nerves, arteries, and veins and surrounds virtually every internal organ of the human body, including the heart, lungs, brain, and spinal cord.
- is one continuous structure that exists uninterrupted from head to toe
- determines the shape of the body and has the appearance of the human form
- collagen is the major component of fascia
- is completely flexible to allow muscle movement
130
Tendons
tough cords of tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones
131
pathological fracture
bone breaks in area that is weakened by disease
132
stress fracture
common among athletes - small crack due to overuse and/or repetitive activity
133
closed vs open fracture
not breaking the skin vs breaking the skin
134
greenstick fracture
bone bends and cracks instead of breaking into pieces
135
comminuted fracture
bone is splintered or crushed into small pieces
136
spiral fracture
at least one part of the bone has been twisted
137
oblique fracture
break occurs at an angle across the bone
138
transverse fracture
break occurs straight across the bone
139
colles' fracture
break of the radius bone close to the wrist that results from a fall onto an outstretched hand
140
hairline fracture
bone is broken in a thin crack
141
allogeneic transplants
the cells or tissues come from another person
142
autologous transplants
the cells come from the patient, perhaps having been removed and treated prior to being placed back into the body
143
arthrodesis
surgical fusion of joint
144
Plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia (fibrous band of tissue) on the sole of the foot that connects the heel bone to the base of the toes
145
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
occurs when this passageway becomes swollen and puts pressure on the median nerve, resulting in pain and numbness in the hand
146
Fibromyalgia
a chronic condition with a wide range of symptoms, including diffuse (widespread) muscle pain and fatigue
147
Distal aspect
End of the toe – closer to the nail
148
Ecchymosis
Bruising
149
Ambulate
Walk
150
Phalanx
Toe
151
Fractures were reduced
Bone was set or fixed
152
myofascial release
manipulation of soft tissue to reduce pain
153
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
the use of a device to deliver small electrical impulses across the skin to relieve pain
154
fasciotomy
cutting into the fascia to relieve tension or pressure that can damage tissues
155
Tenodesis
the surgical suturing of a tendon to a bone
156
Tenolysis
remove adhesions from a tendon
157
Tenotomy
the surgical cutting of a tendon to either provide release or allow for lengthening
158
Myorrhaphy
the surgical suturing of a muscle
159
Myotomy
the surgical incision into a muscle
160
