Lesson 2

Question 1

A ______ is the total socially acquired life-way or life-style of a group of people. It consists of the patterned, repetitive ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that are characteristic of the
members of a particular society or segment of a society.

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

It refers to anything that is used to stand for something else. It is anything that gives meaning to the culture. People who share a culture often attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture, sound, or image.

Answer 2

SYMBOLS

Question 3

It refers to the application of knowledge and equipment to ease the task of living and maintaining the environment; it includes artifacts, methods and devices created and used by people (Arcinas, 2016).

Answer 3

TECHNOLOGY

Question 4

It is known as the storehouse of
culture ( Arcinas, 2016). It system of
words and symbols used to
communicate with other people.

Answer 4

LANGUAGE

Question 5

These are culturally defined standards
for what is good or desirable. ______
determine how individuals will probably respond in any given circumstances.
Members of the culture use the shared
system of ______ to decide what is good and what is bad.

Answer 5

VALUES

Question 6

It refers to the faith of an individual ( David and Macaraeg, 2010). They are
conceptions or ideas of people have about what is true in the environment around them like what is life, how to value it and how one’s belied on the value of life relate with his or her interaction with others and the world.

Answer 6

BELIEFS

Question 7

These are specific rules/standards to
guide for appropriate behavior (Arcinas, 2016). These are societal expectations that mandate specific behaviors in specific situations (David and Macaraeg, 2010).

Answer 7

NORMS

Question 8

TWO TYPES OF NORMS

Answer 8

A. Proscriptive norm - defines and tells
us things not to do.
B. Prescriptive norm - defines and tells
us things to do.

Question 9

These are also known as customs (customary/repetitive ways of doing things);
Example: Using “po” and “opo”

Answer 9

FOLKWAYS

Question 10

These are strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior; they are based on definitions of right and
wrong (Arcinas, 2016).
Example: Practice of Monogamous
Marriage.

Answer 10

MORES

Question 11

TYPES MORES

Answer 11

POSITIVE MORES - it always prescribed behavior pattern.
NEGATIVE MORES - it represent the “dont’s”.

Question 12

These are controlled ethics and they are morally agreed, written down and enforced by an official law enforcement agency
(Arcinas, 2016).

Answer 12

LAWS

Question 13

Children and adults alike have the tendency to ______ the values, attitudes, language and all other things in their social environment.

Answer 13

IMITATION

Question 14

The values, beliefs, and attitudes of other people are acquired through
__________.

Answer 14

CONDITIONING

Question 15

This may take the form offormal training or informal teaching.

Answer 15

INDOCTRINATION

Question 16

It refers to those behavioral patterns that pass back and forth from one culture to another.

Answer 16

Diffusion

Question 17

It means that the same culture may
take place in two or more different
places.

Answer 17

Parallelism

Question 18

Takes place when people break away
from their original culture and start
developing a different culture of
their own.

Answer 18

Fission

Question 19

It takes place when two or more
cultures are fused or merged into
one culture making it different from
the original culture.

Answer 19

Convergence

Question 20

According to E.B. Taylor, _______ is a complex whole which consist of knowledge, beliefs, ideas, habits, attitudes, skills, abilities, values, norms, art, law, morals, customs, traditions,
feelings and other capabilities of man which are acquired, learned and socially transmitted by man from one generation to another through language and living together as members of the society (Arcinas, 2016

Answer 20

culture

Question 21

Culture does not exist in isolation. It
develops through social interaction. No man can acquire culture without
association with others.

Answer 21

Culture is social because it is the product of behavior.

Question 22

Every society has a culture of its own that differs from other societies. The culture of every society is unique by itself.

Answer 22

Culture varies from society to society

Question 23

Culture is not something that an individual alone can possess.

Answer 23

Culture is shared.

Question 24

Culture is not inborn. It is learned.
Unlearned behavior then, is not culture.
Shaking hands, saying thanks, etc. are
cultural behaviors.

Answer 24

Culture is learned

Question 25

Cultural ways are learned by people from others. Many of these ways are handed down from elders, parents, teachers, and others (most likely individuals of older generation), while other cultural behaviors are handed up to elders.

Answer 25

Culture is transmitted among members of society.

Question 26

Culture exists as a continuous process. In its historical growth, it tends to become cumulative. Ralph Linton called culture "the social heritage” of man.

Answer 26

Culture is continuous and cumulative/ Culture is dynamic.

Question 27

Culture provides proper opportunities for the satisfaction of our needs and desires. Our needs, both biological and social,

Answer 27

Culture is gratifying and idealistic.

Question 28

Culture renders meaning to what people do. Beliefs, religion, rituals, myths, dances, performances, music, artworks, sense of taste, education, innovations, identity, ethnicity, and so on are meaningful human expressions of what people do and how they act.

Answer 28

Culture is symbolic.

Question 29

Culture is systemic and integrated as the parts of culture work together in an integrated whole.

Answer 29

Culture is sytemic and integrated.

Question 30

Culture covers every feature of humanity.vAround the world, people as members of their own societies establish connections with each other and form relationship guided by their respective cultural practices and values.

Answer 30

Culture is encompassing

Question 31

The concept of cultural relativism was first formulated by ___________________ in his book entitled “_______.” In his book, he reiterated that there are no universal standards of right and wrong or good and bad in evaluating cultural phenomena. This thought suggests that what is right in one place may be wrong in another place or vice versa. Thus, the standards are relative to the culture in which they appear. Customs can only be judged by how well or how poorly they fit in with the standards of a certain society.

Answer 31

William Graham Summer Folkways

Question 32

______________ on the other hand judges another culture solely by the values and standards of one ’s own culture. ___________ individuals judge other groups based on their ethnic group or culture, especially with regard to language, behavior, customs, and other ethnic distinctions and subdivisions. Thus, declaring that their culture/customs is superior to others.

Answer 32

Ethnocentrism Ethnocentric

Question 33

__________ is the major reason why division amongst members of different societies which exists because ethnocentric individuals regard their own society’s set of cultural values as the only agreeable, acceptable and highly respectable set of convictions.

Answer 33

Ethnocentrism

Question 34

Such perspective can be turned into ____________ ̧a position that everything about the other culture is wrong, unreasonable, detestable and even wicked. From this perspective, the practices and institutions of people from other societies are regarded as inferior, less intelligent and even vicious.

Answer 34

chauvinism

Question 35

The opposing end of ethnocentrism is called _________. This means that a person values other's culture than their own culture. This perception of one’s culture in comparison to other’s plays a great role on how we perceive the individuals around us and the groups that we are a part of.

Answer 35

Xenocentrism

Question 36

______________ is a belief that cultures are equally complex. There is no such thing as superior or inferior culture. ___________ ________ is very important in studying the culture of other people. It is a way of viewing the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from its own viewpoint. Another way to say this is that others should understand an individual’s beliefs and activities in terms of that person’s own culture.

Answer 36

Cultural relativism

Question 37

Although members of a culture share norms and values, they do not always behave or think exactly alike.

Answer 37

SUBCULTURES

Question 38

It arises when the village folks, for instance cannot accept innovations to improve their lives.

Answer 38

CULTURAL LAG

Question 39

All humans tend to believe that their way of life, which has been handed down from generation to generation, is the right way.

Answer 39

CULTURE SHOCK

Question 40

It acknowledges the firmly established influences of the East on Filipino culture in terms of social, religious and political values. However, the influences of the West are also dominant.

Answer 40

CULTURAL DUALISM

Question 41

The first stage of culture shock is often overwhelmingly positive. Travelers become infatuated with the language, people, and food in their new surroundings. At this stage, the trip or move seems like the greatest decision ever made and an exciting adventure.

Answer 41

STAGE 1. HONEYMOON

Question 42

At this stage, the fatigue of not understanding gestures, signs, and the language sets in and miscommunications may be happening.

Answer 42

STAGE 2.CULTURE SHOCK/ FRUSTRATION

Question 43

Frustrations are often subdued as travelers begin to feel more familiar and comfortable with the cultures, people, food, and languages of new environments.

Answer 43

STAGE 3. ADJUSTMENT

Question 44

doesn’t mean that new cultures or environments are completely understood. Rather, it signifies that complete understanding isn’t necessary to function and thrive in the new surroundings. During the __________ stage, travelers are able to draw together the resources they need to feel at ease.

Answer 44

STAGE 4. ADAPTATION / ACCEPTANCE