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Ruminants LEC 1 TO 7 > lesson 2 > Flashcards

lesson 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify the country that led the world in the development of the principal beef breeds.

A

Great Britain

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2
Q

Identify the breed believed to be the first developed in England.

A

Hereford

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3
Q

Identify the origin of the Brahman or Zebu breed.

A

India

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4
Q

Identify the origin of the Charolais, Limousin, and Normandy breeds.

A

France

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5
Q

Identify the origin of the Afrikander breed.

A

Africa

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6
Q

Identify the breed developed from the white-faced red cattle of the Netherlands and the smaller black Celtic native to England.

A

Hereford

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7
Q

Identify the distinct markings of the Hereford breed.

A

White face, white flanks, white tails, and white crest on its neck

lahat white

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8
Q

Identify the color range of Hereford cattle.

A

Cherry to mahogany-red

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9
Q

Identify the hornless variant of the Hereford breed.

A

Polled Hereford

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10
Q

Identify the year when hornless mutations brought about the Polled Hereford breed.

A

1901

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11
Q

Identify the country and counties where Aberdeen Angus was developed.

A

Scotland; Aberdeen shire and Angus

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12
Q

Solid black with abdominal spot of white underneath

A

Aberdeen Angus

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13
Q

Identify the breed noted for high meat quality, increased weight gain, and smoothness.

A

Aberdeen Angus

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14
Q

Identify the breed with very curly black hair and possibly the same origin as Angus.

A

Galloway

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15
Q

Identify the breed popular for milk production but also yields sizeable meat.

A

Shorthorns

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16
Q

Identify the breed developed in the King Ranch of Kleberg Country, Southwest Texas.

A

Santa Gertrudis

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17
Q

Red to roan or white and red spotted

A

Shorthorns

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18
Q

Identify the breed composition of Santa Gertrudis.

A

5/8 Shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman

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19
Q

Identify four preferred strains of the Brahman breed.

A

Guzerant,
Nellore,
Gir,
Krisna Valley

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20
Q

Pronounced hump, excessive skin on dewlap and underline, large droopy ears, downward and outward-curving horns

A

Brahman

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21
Q

Near white through brown, brownish-red, and near black

A

Brahman cattle

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22
Q

Identify three traits that Brahman cattle are known for.

A
  1. Heat tolerant,
  2. drought resistant,
  3. resistant to ticks and other parasites
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23
Q

Identify the regions where Brahman cattle gained popularity.

A

Central and South America,
Gulf Coast regions of the US (especially Texas and Florida),
parts of Europe and
Asia (especially Philippines and Thailand)

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24
Q

Identify five lesser breeds developed from Brahman crosses.

yung mga “bra”

A
  • Charbray,
  • Braford,
  • Brangus,
  • Brahorn,
  • Beef master
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25
Identify the breeds involved in the Charbray cross.
Charolais and Brahman
26
Identify the breeds involved in the Braford cross.
Hereford and Brahman
27
Identify the breeds involved in the Brangus cross.
Angus and Brahman
28
Identify the breeds involved in the Brahorn cross.
Shorthorn and Brahman
29
Identify the breeds involved in the Beef master cross.
Brahman, Shorthorn, and Hereford
30
Identify the **wild ancestor of modern cattle**.
Aurochs (*Bos primigenius primigenius*)
31
Identify **three centers of domestication** for modern cattle.
Eastern Europe, Middle Asia, Southeast Asia
32
Identify the species domesticated from the mountains of Tibet, parts of the Middle East, and South Siberia.
Yak (*Poephagus grunniens*)
33
Identify the genus and species of Bali cattle.
Genus Bibos, species B. banteng
34
dentify the genus and species of gayal.
Genus Bibos, species B. frontalis
35
Identify the origin of the Bali cattle and gayal.
ndia, Malay Archipelago, Indochina (particularly Burma)
36
dentify the number of identifiable cattle breeds worldwide. Identify the number of beef breeds worldwide. Identify the number of draft breeds worldwide. Identify the number of meat-draft breeds worldwide. Identify the number of meat-dairy breeds worldwide. Identify the number of dairy-draft breeds worldwide. Identify the number of meat-dairy-draft breeds worldwide. Identify the number of dairy breeds worldwide.
dentify the number of identifiable cattle breeds worldwide. Answer: **277** Identify the number of beef breeds worldwide. Answer: **33** Identify the number of draft breeds worldwide. Answer: **18** Identify the number of meat-draft breeds worldwide. Answer: **39** Identify the number of meat-dairy breeds worldwide. Answer: **54** Identify the number of dairy-draft breeds worldwide. Answer: **21** Identify the number of meat-dairy-draft breeds worldwide. Answer: **61** Identify the number of dairy breeds worldwide. Answer: **51**
37
Identify the person who brought cattle to the New World.
Christopher Columbus
38
Identify the original uses of cattle brought to the New World.
Milk, butter, hides, and work
39
Identify the definition of breeding.
The controlled propagation of cattle to improve qualities desirable to man
40
The controlled propagation of cattle to improve qualities desirable to man
breeding
41
Identify the modern goal of cattle breeding. Answer: To develop types that will meet market demand, be productive under adverse climatic condition, and be efficient in converting feeds to animal products | read nalang
Identify the modern goal of cattle breeding. Answer: To develop types that will meet market demand, be productive under adverse climatic condition, and be efficient in converting feeds to animal products
42
Identify the two causes of variation in cattle traits.
Genetics and environment
43
Identify the type of trait that shows discontinuous variation.
Qualitative traits
44
Identify three examples of qualitative traits.
Coat color, horned or polled, certain blood characteristics
45
Identify **the type of trait with inheritance generally following the laws of heredity,** with minor environmental effect.
Qualitative traits
46
Identify the type of trait that shows continuous variation
Quantitative traits
47
Identify the most frequent form in quantitative traits.
the mean types among the characteristics
48
Identify f**ive examples of quantitative traits.**
1. Growth rate, 1. live weight, 1. body measurement at maturity, 1. milk yield, 1. milk composition
49
Enumerate the **principal beef breeds developed in Great Britain.**
a. Hereford b. Angus c. Shorthorns d. Galloway
50
Enumerate the **countries of origin for other great beef breeds.**
a. India (Brahman or Zebu) b. France (Charolais, Limousin, Normandy) c. Switzerland d. Africa (Afrikander)
51
Enumerate the **preferred strains of the Brahman breed from India**.
Answer: a. Guzerant b. Nellore c. Gir d. Krisna Valley
52
Enumerate the characteristics of Brahman and its strains.
Pronounced hump b. Excessive skin on dewlap and underline c. Large droopy ears d. Horns curving downward and outward
53
Enumerate the traits of Brahman breed.
a. Heat tolerant b. Drought resistant c. Resistant to ticks and other parasites
54
Enumerate the lesser breeds developed from Brahman crosses.
a. Charbray (Charolais) b. Braford (Hereford) c. Brangus (Angus) d. Brahorn (Shorthorn) e. Beef master (Brahman-Shorthorn-Hereford)
55
Enumerate the species under genus Bibos.
Answer: a. B. banteng (Bali cattle) b. B. frontalis (gayal)
56
Enumerate the areas where Bali cattle and gayal originated.
Answer: a. India b. Malay Archipelago c. Indochina (particularly Burma)
57
Enumerate the purposes for which early cattle in the New World were valued.
Answer: a. Milk b. Butter c. Hides d. Work
58
Enumerate the **five examples of quantitative traits.**
Answer: a. Growth rate b. Live weight c. Body measurement at maturity d. Milk yield e. Milk composition
59
Enumerate the **three potential benefits of crossbreeding.** Answer:
1. Heterosis 1. Favorable breed combinations 1. First-cross (F1) hybrid vigor
60
Enumerate the **breeding systems discussed.**
* Crossbreeding * Random mating * Inbreeding * Close breeding * Line breeding * Upgrading * Strain breeding
61
Enumerate the **effects of inbreeding**.
1. Marked decrease of fertility 1. Reduced stamina 1. Decrease in growth rate of offspring 1. Reduced viability of offspring
62
Enumerate **reproductive phenomena in cattle.** | mahaba to read nalang
Answer: Sexual maturity (bulls/heifers = 6–8 months) Estrus cycle = 18–24 days (avg. 21) Estrus duration Exotic/European = 14–18 hrs Indigenous = 10–12 hrs Ovulation = 10–14 hrs after estrus ends Parturition = 283 days Bull ejaculation = 2–12 ml with 500 million sperm/ml Sperm survival = up to 48 hrs in oviduct Sperm reach oviduct in 6–7 hrs Thousands of egg cells produced, few released One egg fertilized by one sperm in oviduct
63
Enumerate signs of **estrus in cattle.**
1. Mounts others 1. Reddening and swelling of vulva 1. Mucous discharge 1. Isolates herself 1. Seems sickly and has no appetite 1. Frequent urination, restlessness, bellowing/mooing 1. Stands still when mounted
64
Enumerate **indicators of reproductive performance**
1. Conception rate 1. Non-return rate (90 or 120 days) 1. Calving rate 1. Calving interval 1. First heat after parturition
65
What breeding method involves mating of closely related individuals within a breed?
Inbreeding
66
What is the type of breeding from **closely related individuals, but less close than inbreeding?**
Close breeding
67
What is the selective breeding of animals **within a closely related line for a desired feature?**
Line breeding
68
What breeding **method involves mating purebred sires with nondescript or native females?**
Upgrading
69
What is a **mild form of inbreeding that increases homozygosity in the long term?**
Strain breeding
70
What **reproductive process leads to the creation of offspring from parents?**
Reproduction
71
What is the term for the **average estrus cycle in cattle?**
21 days
72
At what time does **ovulation occur in cattle?**
10–14 hours after the **end of estrus**
73
What is the **average gestation (parturition) length in cattle?**
283 days
74
How long do sperm cells survive in the oviduct?
Up to 48 hours
75
How many **ml of semen does a bull ejaculat**e on average?
2–12 ml
76
What is the **term for percent of breeding females that conceived versus total exposed?**
Conception rate
77
What does a high **conception rate via AI lo**ok like?
65%
78
What conception rate is **exceptional under natural service?**
85–90%
79
What type of mating gives each possible pair the same probability of occurrence?
Random Mating (or Unplanned)
80
What is the term for the mating of two purebreds of different breeds?
Crossbreeding

Ruminants LEC 1 TO 7 (2 decks)

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