Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 203 > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is DRI ?

A

Dietary Reference Intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is DRI used for ?

A

reference values for 6 nutrient intake standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what used to be the sole purpose of DRI?

A

reduce risk of deficiency diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is now another purpose of DRI?

A

since no more deficiency diseases in developed countries, also focused on preventative health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are 3 objectives of DRI ?

A

1) prevent deficiency diseases
2) reduce risk of chronic diseases
3) safety regulation for supplement use, upper safety level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what 3 DRI target deficiency diseases ?

A

EAR (estimated average requirement)
RDA (recommended daily allowance)
AI (adequate intake)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the purpose of UL?

A

tolerable upper intake level: supplement use regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the two ways DRIs are divided

A

most nutrients: EAR, RDA, AI, UL

energy and macronutrients: EER, AMDR with different nutrient standards dealing w calorie intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two main factors that influence nutrient standards ?

A

gender and life stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many life stages do males have ?

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many life stages do females have ? what are they divided into ?

A

16

normal, pregnancy, lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intake of iron for women: how do requirements differ in 3 main life stages ?

A

13 yrs old : 8 mg
14-50: 15 mg
50+ : 8 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the iron requirement for pregnant women ?

A

27 mg (quadrupled)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what life stage only has AI recommendations ?

A

infants <12 months because no rigorous studies can be ethically conducted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is EAR ?

A

estimated average requirement that meets the needs of 50% of the gender or age population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is EAR based on ?

A

diagnostic test that measures adequate amounts in human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why don’t some nutrients have an EAR ?

A

some nutrients lack diagnostic test, EAR can’t be established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why is EAR a REQUIREMENT and not a recommendation ?

A

because if it was not to be followed, 50% of population would develop deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the gold standard in DRI ?

A

RDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are two other words for RDA ?

A

RNI and RDI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is RDA?

A

recommended dietary allowance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does RDA measure ?

A

nutrient requirement that meets the needs of 98% of population in lifestage or gender group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the formula for RDA?

A

EAR*x= RDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is AI ?

A

adequate intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is AI used for ?
when we don't have a diagnostic test, we have to guess based on intakes of a health group of people in a population
26
is the AI closer to EAR or RDA ?
bc dependent on nutrient intake of healthy people, higher than EAR (since more than 50% should be healthy with this amount of nutrient), but probably below the RDA and below UL (no signs of toxicity)
27
what is UL?
upper intake level
28
what is UL used for ?
the max daily amount of nutrient to be safe
29
above UL brings what ?
risk of adverse effects and death
30
why should we worry about UL even if we don't use UL ?
because we still eat too much (eg too much sodium)
31
what UL is it easy to exceed ?
sodium
32
on DRI graph, what is on the x and y axis ?
x: intake of nutrient | y : degree of health
33
on DRI distribution that is symmetrical, what is on each side ?
death
34
too little is just as bad as too much - true or false ?
yes
35
why are recommendations different from country to country ?
cultural differences and interpretation of studies
36
how to assess your diet ?
calorie counter and tracker
37
why are energy and macronutrient DRI different ?
related to calorie intake | recommended energy intakes are highly conservatives
38
what is the EER ?
individualized estimate of the number of calories that maintain energy balance in a healthy person
39
what are the EER formula variables (5)
``` physical activity height in meters weight in kg age in years gender ```
40
what is the physical activity constant for sedentary men and women in EER calculation ?
1
41
what is the physical activity constant for very active men and women in EER calculation ?
men: 1.48 | women : 1.45
42
what are the units for EER ?
kcal/day
43
are all calories created equal ?
no
44
what proportion of energy intake from CHO, lipids, and proteins ?
carbs 45-65% protein 10-35% fat 20-35%
45
what is AMDR ?
acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges
46
what population is AMDR for ?
recommendation applies to all groups of people
47
what is the purpose of AMDR ?
to reduce risk of chronic disease and provide adequate energy and nutrients
48
who uses DRI?
registered dieticians
49
What are nutrition facts regulated by ?
canadian food inspection agency
50
What number and kind of nutrients must the nutrition facts table include ?
13 core nutrients
51
the percent daily values is based on a diet of how many kcals ?
2000 kcal
52
how much percent for "a lot" of a nutrient in DV?
15%
53
how much nutrient is a little in DV ?
5%
54
what are the 4 food groups in Canada ?
grains, milk and alternatives, meat and alternatives, fruit and vegetables
55
what is grain?
seeds containing germ
56
what are the three parts that make up a seed?
bran (protective coating around kernel) endosperm (starch+ protein) germ: vitamins and minerals (seed)
57
what is the husk ?
inedible part of grain
58
what are grains rich in ?
carbs fiber (if grain is whole) vitamins
59
what 5 vitamins is grain rich in
``` folate thiamin riboflavin niacin vitamin E ```
60
grains all belong to which family ?
the Grass Family
61
what is a cereal ?
any grass cultivated for its grain
62
what is whole grain ?
dried seeds of cereals
63
how do grains replace nutrients lost during refinement ?
enrichment (eg white bread)
64
what is the criteria to be in the milk and milk alternatives group ?
retain their content of calcium
65
what is the milk and alternatives group fortified with in Canada
vitamin A and D
66
which 3 main vitamins in milk
riboflavin, D and B12
67
why is milk so nourishing
engineered to be food for mammals
68
what main 2 vitamins in meat
B6, B12
69
what main 2 minerals in meat
iron, zinc
70
what are 4 meat alternatives
legumes, eggs, nuts, seeds
71
strings beans, pea, lentils all part of what family
legume family
72
what is defining feature of legume ?
sees in pods
73
are peanuts legumes ?
yes
74
people allergic to peanuts may be allergic to what
legumes
75
a shared evolutionary history = ?
a shared nutritional composition
76
are tree nuts legumes ?
no
77
brazil nuts are an excellent source of ?
selenium bc of selenium rich soil
78
are seeds meat and alternatives ?
yes but they are not an important source of nutrients and can be high in salt (but high in protein)
79
what are the main 4 vitamins in fruits and veggies
folate, A, C, K
80
main 2 minerals in fruit and veg
magnesium and potassium
81
are eggplants, tomatoes, zucchini, bell peppers fruits ?
yes
82
what is the food group w the highest number of recommended servings per day ?
fruits and vegetables
83
palm is how many ounces ? good for measuring what ?
3 oz | good for measuring cooked protein
84
fist= how much ? good for measuring what ?
1 cup | good to measure cooked pasta, rice, or vegetables
85
how do you measure 1 tbsp ?
thumb and index finger in circle
86
what is thumb and index finger good for measuring ?
lipids like mayo, oil, etc

BIOL 203 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions