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PARA 1023 CARDIO > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

SA node

A

sets rate 60-100LPM

innervated by ANS to vary speed

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2
Q

Atrial contraction

A

squeezes blood from atria to ventricles

both sides happen at same time

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3
Q

inte nodal pathways

A

blood moves down them, causing the right atria to contract from the top down

Bachman’s bundles do the same thing on the left side

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4
Q

why does there need to be a pause after contractions

A

to allow atria to completely empty

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5
Q

AV node

A

slows signal down
back up pacemaker
40-60LPM

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6
Q

electric pathway

A 
SA (60-100LPM)
AV (40-60LPM)
his bundle 
L/R bundle branches 
punjunke fibres
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7
Q

ICF

A

more sodium phosphate and magnesium

more potassium diffusion channels then sodium (passive transport)

Na/K pump potassium in sodium out (active transport)

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8
Q

ECF

A

more chlorine, sodium

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9
Q

voltage gated channel

A

need enough stimulus to open

close automatically

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10
Q

resting membrane potential

A

-70mv

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11
Q

polarized (resting) state

A

myocardial cell -90mv

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12
Q

depolarized state

A

stimulate sodium gates to open cell depolarizes

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13
Q

repolarization

A

sodium gates close
potassium open
resting state is achieved

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14
Q

0mv

A

sodium is rushing in

calcium slowly entering

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15
Q

phase 1

A

Cl enters

K continues to leave

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16
Q

phase 2

A

Ca enters slow

K leaves slow

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17
Q

phase 3

A

Ca closes

K still leaving

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18
Q

phase 4

A

resting potential

Na pumped out

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19
Q

Myocardial contraction

A

Ca causes contraction

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20
Q

flow towards positive is positive t/f

A

T

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21
Q

ECG height/time measurements

A

mV and seconds

22
Q

each square

A

0.2 sec

23
Q

each tiny square

A

0.04 sec

24
Q

2 boxes up

A

1 mV

25
Q

p wave relates to…

A

SA node

depolarization of atria

positive

26
Q

r wave relates to…

A

left ventricle

27
Q

QRS complex

A

depolarization of ventricles

0.08-0.12 seconds

28
Q

t wave

A

repolarization of ventricles

negative (appears positive)

slower

29
Q

QT interval

A

time ventricles are active

30
Q

PR interval

A

0.12s-0.2s
start of p to start of qrs
depolarization from SA node

31
Q

PR segment

A

end of p to start of q

repolarization of atrium

32
Q

Q wave

A

septum depolarization

negative first negative wave after P

33
Q

R wave

A

myocardium depolarization
left ventricle
first positive after P

34
Q

S wave

A

depolarization of ventricles near atrial junction

first negative after R

35
Q

ST segment

A

end of Q to start of T

repolarization of ventricles

36
Q

electrode placement

A

10cm from heart

37
Q

lead 1 placement

A

left shoulder going right

38
Q

lead 2 placement

A

left hip to right shoulder

used for rhythm recognition and monitoring

39
Q

limb 3

A

left hip to left shoulder

atria to ventricles

40
Q

unipolar leads

A

Right arm, left arm and left leg

41
Q

lead aVl

A

view of lateral wall

42
Q

lead aVr

A

view of great vessels

43
Q

lead aVf

A

view of inferior wall

44
Q

ATP ratio

A

3 sodium out 2 potassium in

45
Q

polarized state for myocardial cells

A

-90mv

46
Q

phase 0

A

sodium rushes in
calcium slowly enters
potassium is peacing the fuck out

47
Q

what element causes myocardial contraction

A

calcium

48
Q

3 phases of refractoriness

A

absolute
relative
supranormal

49
Q

what do pacemakers do

A

let sodium seep in until threshold is met

50
Q

pore

A

non gated channel

51
Q

active transport ratio

A

3 sodium out 2 potassium in

PARA 1023 CARDIO (13 decks)

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