Lesson 2: Alkanes

Question 1

Is a saturated hydrocarbon whose atoms are arranged in an open chain.

Answer 1

Alkanes

Question 2

Alkanes are commonly referred to as_________.

Answer 2

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Question 3

Alkanes have the simplest and least _____________.

Answer 3

Reactive hydrocarbon

Question 4

Alkanes are classified into ________ and __________.

Answer 4

Acyclic and cycloalkanes

Question 5

The classification of Alkanes depends in the ____________.

Answer 5

Arrangement of carbon atom molecules

Question 6

General formula of alkanes

Answer 6

CsubnHsub2n+2

Question 7

First two members of the alkanes family

Answer 7

Methane and ethane

Question 8

The structure of Alkanes is arranged in a ___________ with _______ angles between them.

Answer 8

Tetrahedral manner
109.5°

Question 9

Ways in showing the structural formula of alkanes

Answer 9

Molecular formula
Complete structural formula
Condensed structural formula
Line-angle formula

Question 10

A formula that felines the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound.

Answer 10

Molecular formula

Question 11

A formula where the symbols of atoms are listed in order as they appear in the molecule’s structure with bond dashes omitted or limited.

Answer 11

Condensed structural formula

Question 12

A formula in which illustrates every single bond formed between every atom in the compound.

Answer 12

Complete structural formula

Question 13

Also called a skeletal structure, in which carbon atoms are implied at the corners and ends of lines, and each carbon atom is understood to be attached to enough hydrogen atoms to give each carbon atom four bonds.

Answer 13

Line-angle formula

Question 14

It is an alkane with one or more Alkyl groups

Answer 14

Branched-chain alkanes

Question 15

General formula of the Alkyl group

Answer 15

CsubnHsub2n+1

Question 16

An atom or group of atoms that took the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule.

Answer 16

Substituent

Question 17

Longest continuous chain of branched-chain hydrocarbons.

Answer 17

Parent alkane

Question 18

Hydrocarbons whose atoms joined together to form a saturated ring.
Cyclic structure

Answer 18

Cycloalkanes

Question 19

Most abundant cycloalkanes

Answer 19

Cyclopentane and cyclohexane

Question 20

General formula for cycloalkanes

Answer 20

CsubnHsub2n

Question 21

IUPAC stands for

Answer 21

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 22

A system on which most organic chemist’s have agreed to provide guidelines to allow them to learn from each others’ works.

Answer 22

Nomenclature

Question 23

In other words, it provides a foundation of language for organic chemistry.

Answer 23

Nomenclature

Question 24

In IUPAC names of Alkanes with an unbranchef chain of carbon atoms: it indicates the number of carbon atoms in the chain.

Answer 24

Prefix

Question 25

In IUPAC names of Alkanes with an unbranchef chain of carbon atoms: it shows that the compound is a saturated hydrocarbon.

Answer 25

Suffix

Question 26

-A group derived by removing a hydrogen from an alkane.
-named by dropping the - ane from the name of the parent alkane and adding the suffix - yl.

Answer 26

Alkyl group

Question 27

A symbol used to represent an Alkyl group.

Answer 27

R—

Question 28

Physical properties of Alkanes and cycloalkanes

Answer 28

Melting point
Boiling point
Solubility
Density

Question 29

The temperature at which a given solid will melt and a liquid boils and turns to vapor.

Answer 29

Melting and boiling point

Question 30

The ability to be dissolved, especially in water.

Answer 30

Solubility

Question 31

The degree of compactness of a substance

Answer 31

Density

Question 32

5 factors to identify the boiling of a straight chain alkanes

Answer 32

1. Greater number of carbon, larger the molecule.
2. Bigger surface area in contact.
3. Stronger Van Der Waals force of attraction.
4. More energy required to separate molecules from one another resulting in a higher boiling point.
5. Longer straight-chained alkanes have higher boiling and melting point than shorter straight chained alkanes.

Question 33

Boiling point of a branched-chain alkanes

Answer 33

1. More branches, molecule becomes more compact.
2. Surface area in contact are reduced.
3. Branched alkanes have weaker Van Der Waals force of attraction.
4. Less energy is required to separate molecules from one another resulting in a lower boiling point.

Question 34

Follows the rule “like dissolves like”

Answer 34

Solubility

Question 35

Types of combustion of alkanes

Answer 35

Complete combustion
Incomplete combustion

Question 36

-Happens when oxygen has a plentiful supply.
-carbon and hydrogen atoms react with oxygen in an exothermic reaction.
-carbon dioxide and water are produced.
-maximum energy is given out.

Answer 36

Complete combustion

Question 37

General formula of complete combustion

Answer 37

Hydrocarbon+oxygen—>carbon dioxide+water

Question 38

-Happens when oxygen only has a limited supply.
-impure carbon particles(soot), carbon monoxide, and water are produced.
-less energy is released.

Answer 38

Incomplete combustion

Question 39

-procures a hydrocarbon derivative where one or more halogen atoms are substituted with hydrogen atoms.

Answer 39

Halogenation of Alkanes

Question 40

3 phase radical substitution reaction:

Answer 40

1. Initiation-non radical—> radical
2. Propagation-radical—> radical
3. Termination-radical—>non radical

Question 41

Reactions of cycloalkanes

Answer 41

Halogenation
Hydrogenation

Question 42

Applications of Alkanes and cycloalkanes

Answer 42

-For transportation fuel such as;
Gasoline, motor gas, diesel, etc.
-cyclohexyne is used in consumer products such as;paint and varnish remover.
-methane, Ethane, propane, and butane are used in heat generating products.

Question 43

Substitution of hydrogen and halogen compounds

Answer 43

Halogenation

Question 44

A chemical reaction to saturated compounds

Answer 44

Hudrogenation