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PSYC 401: Psychological Disorders > Lesson 2: Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Lesson 2: Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is fear?

A

The psychological and emotional response to a real, immediate danger

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2
Q

Which part of the nervous system does fear stimulate?

A

Sympathetic NS

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3
Q

Is fear a good thing?

A

Yes, it keeps us alive!

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4
Q

Is anxiety a good thing?

A

Sometimes!

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5
Q

What is anxiety?

A

More general physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger

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6
Q

Anxiety involves anticipation of future/present/past events

A

future

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7
Q

Anxiety…how does the person worry and about how many things?

A

It’s taking over your life and has no logical grounding

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8
Q

What are three common themes that those with anxiety worry about?

A

Negative content
Less controllable
Less realistic

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9
Q

DSM-5 criteria for anxiety disorders:

A

Negative emotional responses
Preoccupation and/or a persistent, maladaptive avoidance of anxiety-provoking thoughts or situations

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10
Q

Four types of anxiety disorders:

A

GAD
Specific phobias
SAD
Panic disorder

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11
Q

True or false: OCD and PTSD are housed with the anxiety disorders

A

false, they each have their own section

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12
Q

There is low/high comorbidity between anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse

A

high

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13
Q

More than __% of people with anxiety disorders will experience some other disorder in their lifetime

A

90

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14
Q

Three requirements of GAD diagnosis:

A

Excessive worry about many events & activities that leads to significant distress and impairment
3 of 6 physical symptoms
at least 6 month duration

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15
Q

What are the physical symptoms associated with GAD?

A

Edginess/restlessness
Easily fatigued
Poor concentration
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance

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16
Q

Which anxiety disorder is associated with free-floating anxiety?

A

GAD

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17
Q

True or false: 3-4% of the U.S. population will experience GAD in a year and 6-9% in their lifetime

A

True

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18
Q

What is the women to men ratio for GAD?

A

2:1

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19
Q

GAD commonly develops in ________ and tends to be ____

A

childhood/adolescence, chronic

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20
Q

Only __% of individuals with GAD are in treatment

A

25

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21
Q

Why do so few individuals with GAD seek treatment?

A

They assume it’s normal
Easily downplayed

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22
Q

What is the core feature of GAD?

A

Free-floating anxiety

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23
Q

GAD is more likely to develop in people who are facing _____ _________ societal conditions

A

truly dangerous

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24
Q

GAD is primarily caused by _____ ________ _______

A

basic irrational assumptions

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25
Why do people with GAD worry?
It's an attempt to predict and prevent negative events.
26
Do those with GAD enjoy their worry?
It does give them distress, but they like the control it gives them as well.
27
What is metacognitive theory?
People with GAD implicitly hold both positive and negative attitudes toward worry
28
What is avoidance theory of GAD?
People with GAD have higher bodily arousal and worrying serves to reduce this arousal
29
What is the psychodynamic viewpoint of GAD?
GAD is caused by neurotic or moral anxiety related to id impulses May be more likely to repress upsetting experiences and/or to have been overprotected / punished as kids
30
What is the humanistic viewpoint of GAD?
Self judgments related to conditions of worth lead to constant worry
31
True or false: GAD has a modest heritability
True (15%)
32
Those with GAD often have ___ inactivity
GABA
33
What does GABA do?
Inhibits neurons from firing
34
If GABA is too low, such as those with GAD, the neurons fire too much/not enough.
too much
35
What treatment options are there for GAD?
Cognitive Therapies Anxiolytics & Antidepressants Relaxation Training Biofeedback
36
Due to its chronic nature, Dr. Rytwinski does/doesn't recommend anxiety meds for those with GAD.
doesn't
37
Dr. Rytwinski's recommended treatment for GAD:
Antidepressent + CBT
38
Symptoms of specific phobias
Fear in presence or anticipation of a specific stimulus Fear is out of proportion to actual danger Avoidance of feared stimuli or endured with intense fear/anxiety At least 6 months of significant distress or impairment
39
What are the five subtypes of specific phobia?
Animal type Natural environment type Blood-injection-injury type Situational Type Other Type
40
Stimulus generalization is another word for ______ ________
Classical Conditioning
41
Avoiding a stimulus is a classical/operant response.
operant
42
Relief from anxiety is a ______ _________ in operant conditioning.
negative reinforcement
43
True or false: What classical creates, operant maintains
True
44
What is flooding?
Cold turkey method --> just throw them right into their fear
45
What is systematic desensitization?
Create a hierarchy of fears, teach relaxation exercises, work up the hierarchy from least to most feared
46
What percentage of individuals are diagnosed with specific phobia each year?
7-12%
47
What percentage of individuals are diagnosed with specific phobia in their lifetime?
14%
48
What is the woman-man ratio of specific phobia?
2:1
49
What is preparedness theory?
The idea that we have a predisposition to certain fears already, such as bears, etc. However, this cannot explain all phobias.
50
Can phobias be "handed down?"
Yes, through modeling. Children copy their parents.
51
True or false: Phobias don't require practice. Once it's gone, it's gone.
False
52
Can modeling be used as a treatment to specific phobia?
Absolutely!
53
What are the symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD)?
Fear and avoidance of social situations Exposure leads to immediate fear response Avoid phobic situation or endure with distress at least 6 months of symptoms Significant distress or impairment
54
SAD is a fear of ________
negative social evaluation
55
___% will experience SAD in a year
7.4
56
__% will experience SAD in their lifetime
13
57
What is the woman-man ratio of those experiencing SAD?
3:2
58
When is the typical onset for SAD?
Early childhood; Adolescence
59
SAD tends to be acute/chronic
chronic
60
True or false: There are cultural difference in those experience sad due to individualistic culture versus collective culture
True
61
What is the Cognitive Theory of SAD?
Excessive high standards (self-schema) Negative automatic assumptions Attention to negative cues
62
What is the Psychodynamic Theory of SAD?
Have view of others as critical, self as flawed, unlovable, etc.
63
What are two developmental influences for SAD?
Anxious, overprotective and critical parents Temperament – behaviorally inhibited
64
True or False: There is no cognitive work in treating SAD
FALSE; we gotta change that negative thinking, man!
65
What kind of medication can be used for SAD?
Antidepressant
66
What types of therapy are used to heal SAD?
Exposure therapy CBT
67
___________s can lessen the outward signs of anxiety, such as quickened heart rate.
beta-blockers
68
Do we use medication for specific phobias?
No, not really. Therapy is the way to go!
69

PSYC 401: Psychological Disorders (11 decks)

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