OCD & PTSD

Question 1

Obsessions

Answer 1

Persistent, repetitive thoughts/images/impulses
Are intrusive, unwanted, and inappropriate
Cause marked distress

Question 2

Compulsions

Answer 2

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts
In response to obsessions
Used to reduce anxiety/distress of obsessions

Question 3

What are some examples of compulsions?

Answer 3

touching/checking, balance/order, counting, cleaning, rituals (especially with specific numbers)

Question 4

OCD Diagnostic Criteria

Answer 4

Obsessions and/or compulsions are time consuming (at least 1 hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment

Question 5

What specifications come with an OCD diagnosis?

Answer 5

With good or fair insight
With poor insight
With absent insight/delusional beliefs

Question 6

One with OCD who has _____ or _____ insight recognizes that beliefs are probably not true

Answer 6

good or fair

Question 7

What is the prevalence of OCD annually? What about lifetime?

Answer 7

1-2%; 1.5-3%

Question 8

True or False: OCD is equally common in gender, ethnicity, and race.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

When is OCD onset?

Answer 9

Young adulthood, gradual

Question 10

__% of OCD seek treatment

Answer 10

40

Question 11

For earlier onset, OCD is more common in boys/girls

Answer 11

boys

Question 12

Is there a biological factor in OCD?

Answer 12

Yes, most likely! You can inherent traits that predispose you to OCD if the environment is right

Question 13

Low levels of _____ may play a role in OCD

Answer 13

serotonin

Question 14

In the brain, one with OCD may have dysfunction in areas associated with _________ ________/brain circuits

Answer 14

primitive behavior

Question 15

Dysfunction in which areas of the brain make it hard for one with OCD to “turn off” the neural circuits once an impulse starts

Answer 15

Orbital frontal region –> caudate nucleus –> thalamus

Question 16

What is a drug that may help with OCD?

Answer 16

Antidepressant that affects serotonin

Question 17

Compulsions reduce anxiety, which are reinforcing/punishing

Answer 17

reinforcing

Question 18

What is exposure and response prevention?

Answer 18

Gradual exposure, mantras for self-talk, modeling, and prevent development of new compulsions

Question 19

Exposure and response prevention is easier/harder when the compulsion is mental

Answer 19

harder

Question 20

In exposure and response prevention, what is gradual exposure?

Answer 20

Expose client to the feared obsessive situation & prevent compulsion

Question 21

True or false: In Exposure and Response Prevention, it’s good to push your clients further than they would go in real life.

Answer 21

True…lick that dumpster!

Question 22

SUD

Answer 22

Subjective Units of Distress

Question 23

Which treatment is best for OCD?

Answer 23

It really depends on the patient, but Dr. Rytwinski’s bias is CBT / exposure. : )

Question 24

PTSD Diagnosis Criterion A

Answer 24

Traumatic event in which there was actual or threatened death or serious injury to self/others

Question 25

Being exposed to a traumatic event through ____ doesn't count for a PTSD diagnosis

Answer 25

media

Question 26

4 types of traumatic events:

Answer 26

Personally experienced Personally witnessed Learned about event that occured to close family/friend Repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of traumatic event

Question 27

True or false: If you experiece trauma, you get PTSD

Answer 27

False

Question 28

PTSD Diagnosis Criterion B

Answer 28

Intrusive symptoms associated with trauma (recurrent & intrustive thoughts/dreams, flashbacks, intense emotional distress/physiological reactivity at exposure to reminders)

Question 29

PTSD Diagnosis Criterion D

Answer 29

Negative alterations in thought or mood associated with trauma

Question 30

PTSD Diagnosis Criterion C

Answer 30

Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli

Question 31

PTSD Diagnosis Criterion E: Alterations in ______

Answer 31

Arousal

Question 32

PTSD Diagnosis Criterion F: Symptoms last for at least __ months

Answer 32

1

Question 33

PTSD Diagnosis Criterion G:

Answer 33

Clinically significant distress/impairment

Question 34

What is the prevalence of PTSD?

Answer 34

3.5%

Question 35

Who is more likely to get PTSD, women or men?

Answer 35

Women

Question 36

Who is more likely to get PTSD, low SES or high SES?

Answer 36

low SES

Question 37

The more _____ or ____ the trauma, the higher the risk of developing PTSD

Answer 37

often; severe

Question 38

PTSD has a very high comorbidity with which three types of disorders?

Answer 38

depression, anxiety, substance abuse

Question 39

What are some psychological risk factors for PTSD?

Answer 39

Avoidance Shattered assumptions (personal invulnerability, Just World Hypothesis, self-blame)

Question 40

What is the Just World Hypothesis?

Answer 40

"the world is meaningful and just, and things happen for a reason"

Question 41

What are four treatments for PTSD?

Answer 41

SSRIs Prolonged Imaginal Exposure (PE) Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) Eye-Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR)

Question 42

In both PE therapy, there are two types of exposures

Answer 42

Imaginal exposure In vivo exposure

Question 43

What is imaginal exposure?

Answer 43

Telling the story of the trauma while both keeping the person in the present moment AND getting them to express the full emotion of the trauma

Question 44

What is in vivo exposure?

Answer 44

Create a (safe) hierarchy and do exposure therapy, essentially.

Question 45

CPT is very similar to PE therapy, but instead of talking, they _______

Answer 45

write it out

Question 46

EMDR

Answer 46

Individual follows therapist's finger with eyes while talking through the trauma

Question 47

REM sleep is associated with ________ _______

Answer 47

consolidating memories

Question 48

True or False: PTSD treatments are all pretty much the same, BUT when patients get to choose their treatment, they do better.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

Answer 49

victims are encouraged to talk extensively