LESSON 2: HISTORY OF COMPUTERS Flashcards
First Generation Computers, 1951–1958
Included the UNIVAC-1
-Used magnetic drums for primary storage;
-First generation software used symbolic language for programming; and
-Machine language programs were used by the binary forms of zeroes
and ones.
Second Generation Computers, 1959–1964
-The transistor replaced the vacuum tube and made possible the second
generation of computers;
-Magnetic tape was introduced and replaced the need for punched cards; and
-COBOL and FORTRAN programming languages were introduced.
Third Generation Computers, 1965–1971
-Integrated circuits made possible the third generation of computers as incredible numbers of transistors were deposited on a silicon chip, thus introducing the era of miniaturization and increased speed.
-The nanosecond (one billionth of a second) became the new standard for measuring access and process time.
-IBM’s System/360 computers and the first minicomputer by Digital
Equipment Corporation were introduced.
-Online computers and remote terminals became popular using regular
telephone lines from remote locations.
-Business applications increased, especially in the airline reservation systems and real-time inventory control systems.
Fourth Generation Computers, 1971–1990
-The introduction of large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits for both memory and logic made the IBM 370 mainframe possible by LSI circuits.
-The movement to the very-LSI circuits made it possible to place a complete central processing unit (CPU) on one very small semiconductor chip.
-This resulted in increased computer performance with a phenomenal lowering
of the cost of computers. The processing power of mainframe computers in the 1960s costing millions of dollars was now available for use in personal
computers (PCs) for less than $1000.
It was introduced and replaced the need for punched cards;
MAGNETIC TAPE
This replaced the vacuum tube and made possible the second
generation of computers;
TRANSISTOR
This made possible the third generation of computers as incredible numbers of transistors were deposited on a silicon chip
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
It became the new standard for
measuring access and process time
NANOSECOND
Computers that were introduced in third generation.
IBM’s System/360 computers and the first minicomputer by Digital
Equipment Corporation
Fifth Generation—Emerging Technologies
The transition from an analog world to a digital world
Emerging Tech
Communications
Publishing
Entertainment
Capabilities delivered through devices ranging from cell phones to a
wide range of appliances and computers
Multimedia
Virtual reality
Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
Challenges and Game Changers
-Big data
-Predictive analytics
-3-D printing
-Cloud computing
-Wearable user interfaces
-Mobile robotics
-Neuron chip sets
-Quantum computing
-Internet of Things
a is data that contains greater variety, arriving in increasing volumes and with more velocity.
BIG DATA
encompasses a variety of statistical techniques from data mining, predictive modeling
PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS
also known as additive manufacturing, is a method of creating a three dimensional object layer-by-layer using a computer created design.
3D PRINTING
