LESSON 2: INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL LABORATORY SERVICES AND PRACTICE

Question 1

DIVISIONS IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY

Answer 1

Clinical Analysis Area
Anatomical and Surgical Pathology (histopathology)

Question 2

Specimen Processing such as blood
other body fluids (seminal fluids, urine) and is divided into other sections

Answer 2

Clinical Analysis Area

Question 3

tissue analysis, cytologic examination, surgical biopsy, frozen sections, performance of autopsies

Answer 3

Anatomical and Surgical Pathology (histopathology)

Question 4

Tissue processing
FDCIETSSML (10 steps)

Answer 4

HISTOPATHOLOGY SECTION

Question 5

10 steps in histopathology: FDCIETSSML

Answer 5

fixation
dehydration
clearing (alcohol)
impregnation
embedding (wax)
trimming
sectioning
staining
mounting
labeling (important)

Question 6

Section of Clinical Analysis Area

Answer 6

hematology
clinical chemistry
blood bank
immunology/ serology
microbiology
clinical microscopy
cytogenetic and flow cytometry

Question 7

Specimens (6)

Answer 7

Blood
Sputum
Urine
Stool -
Seminal fluid
CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 8

most common specimen

Answer 8

Whole blood

Question 9

common coagulant used for CBC; purple lavender top.

Answer 9

EDTA

Question 10

frequently performed test

Answer 10

CBC

Question 11

Components of Complete Blood Count (10)

Answer 11

RBC count
WBC count
Platelet count
Hematocrit (Hct)
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
RBC Distribution Width
Differential count

Question 12

BLOOD SMEARS (6)

Answer 12

Platelet count
Differential count (WBC Count)
WBC morphology
RBC count
RBC morphology
Parasite Detection (malaria)

Question 13

when performing ___, the evacuated tube used is the blacktop.
___ is used to detect inflammation

Answer 13

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)

Question 14

Anti-coagulant tube

Answer 14

Sodium Citrate

Question 15

usually the specimen for coagulation test

Answer 15

Plasma

Question 16

liquid portion (unclotted); tubes with anti-coagulant

Answer 16

Plasma

Question 17

liquid portion (clotted); tubes with no anti-coagulant (redtop)

Answer 17

Serum

Question 18

citrate; for coagulation study

Answer 18

Light blue top

Question 19

most automated section

Answer 19

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

Question 20

Detection of microorganisms in patient samples
Tests: Culture & Sensitivity
To determine the most effective antibiotic therapy

Answer 20

MICROBIOLOGY

Question 21

samples are put in culture media; synthetic.

Answer 21

Culture

Question 22

Different cultures:

Answer 22

Blood Culture
Wound Culture
Urine Culture (UTI)
Swab throat Culture
Stool Culture

Question 23

studies antigens and antibodies, to determine: immunity to disease, and presence of disease

Answer 23

SEROLOGY/ IMMUNOLOGY

Question 24

Detect HIV using a ___ Count that checks immunity.

Answer 24

CD4

Question 25

the only DNA virus, can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

Answer 25

Hepa B virus

Question 26

also known as Immunohematology

Answer 26

BLOOD BANK

Question 27

Blood is: (3)

Answer 27

Collected Stored Prepared

Question 28

protects the body, destroys foreign objects

Answer 28

Antibodies

Question 29

not the same blood type can cause this.

Answer 29

Transfusion reaction

Question 30

2 TESTS FOR BLOOD TYPING

Answer 30

Forward / Direct ABO/ Rh Typing Backward / Indirect ABO / Rh Typing

Question 31

detects antigen present.

Answer 31

Forward / Direct ABO/ Rh Typing

Question 32

detect antibodies present; also refered to as reverse typing.

Answer 32

Backward / Indirect ABO / Rh Typing

Question 33

this is the blood type

Answer 33

Antigen

Question 34

opposite to blood type

Answer 34

Antibodies

Question 35

performs tests on non-blood body fluids:

Answer 35

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY

Question 36

physical evaluation, chemical evaluation, microscopic analysis of urine

Answer 36

Urinalysis

Question 37

Macroscopic semen analysis (5)

Answer 37

color odor viscosity liquefaction volume

Question 38

Microscopic semen analysis

Answer 38

morphology motility progression

Question 39

help diagnose certain conditions affect the digestive tract. infection from parasite

Answer 39

Stool Analysis, Fecalysis

Question 40

detects presence of fecal occult blood

Answer 40

Guaiac Test

Question 41

Tests in the Clinical Chem

Answer 41

Basic Chesmistry Profile Coronary Risk Profile Liver Protein Test Kidney Profile Test

Question 42

Tests in the Hematology Section

Answer 42

CBC BLOOD SMEAR ESR COAGULATION TEST

Question 43

Microbiology Tests

Answer 43

Culture & Sensitivity Stain

Question 44

Immuno/Sero Tests

Answer 44

Bacterial Studies Viral Studies General Studies

Question 45

Blood Bank tests

Answer 45

ABO Typing DA Test Type and Crossmatch

Question 46

Clinical Microscopy tests

Answer 46

Urinalysis Semen Analysis Stool Analysis Guiac Test