LESSON 2: LECTURE Flashcards
T or F: Data-driven decision-making is an approach that relies on empirical data, data analysis, and insights to inform strategies that are aimed at improving outcomes and increasing efficiency across various domains.
True
T or F: Data availability and analysis have become paramount in shaping effective strategies to address health challenges and improve public health outcomes.
False; Data availability and utilization
This is a primary use of data-driven public health decision-making. The continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data is needed to plan, implement, and evaluate public health initiatives.
● Data allows public health officials to detect trends, outbreaks, and patterns of diseases in real time. Timely and accurate surveillance allows for rapid responses to potential health threats, preventing further spread and minimizing their impact on communities.
Surveillance
● Data analytics enables public health professionals to identify and understand __________ associated with various diseases and health conditions.
● This allows tailored interventions to target the specific needs of at-risk populations effectively.
● Proactively identifying _________ can help prevent diseases before they escalate, reducing the burden on healthcare systems.
Risk factor identification
Through data-driven decision-making, public health interventions can be continuously assessed and evaluated for their effectiveness. Data provides concrete evidence of what works and what may not, allowing policymakers to make informed adjustments to improve outcomes and allocate resources more efficiently.
Intervention evaluation
● When ___________ public health programs, data-driven decision-making ensures that resources are allocated to areas with the highest need.
● Data analysis allows decision-makers to identify geographical locations or demographics that require more attention and support.
● This targeted approach helps maximize interventions’ impact and promote equity in healthcare access.
Implementation
are two sides of the same coin, and together, they form the backbone of the public health information system.
Biostatics and Epidemiology
“Statistics is the science which deals with collection, classification and tabulation of numerical facts as the basis for explanation, description and comparison of phenomena”
Lovitt
________ arising out of biological sciences, particularly from the fields of Medicine and public health.
Statistics
The methods used in dealing with statistics in the fields of _______________________ for planning, conducting and analyzing data which arise in investigations of these branches.
medicine, biology and public health
_________ is the science that helps in managing medical uncertainties
Biostatistics
- Intrinsic due to biological, environmental and sampling factors
- Natural variation among methods, observers, instruments etc.
- Errors in measurement or assessment or errors in knowledge
- Incomplete knowledge
Sources of Medical Uncertainties
● Biological due to age, gender, heredity, parity, height, weight, etc. Also due to variation in anatomical, physiological and biochemical parameters
● Environmental due to nutrition, smoking, pollution, facilities of water and sanitation, road traffic, legislation, stress and strains etc.
● Sampling fluctuations because the entire world cannot be studied and at least future cases can never be included
● Chance variation due to unknown or complex to comprehend factors
Intrinsic variation as source of medical uncertainties
● In developing a research design that can minimize the impact of uncertainties
● In assessing reliability and validity of tools and instruments to collect the information
● In proper analysis of data
ROLE OF BIOSTATISTICS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH THAT HELP PUBLIC HEALTH
● Planning
● Design
● Execution (Data collection)
● Data Processing
● Data analysis
● Presentation
● Interpretation
● Publication
STATISTICS COVERS
observation, questionnaire, record form, interviews, survey,
Primary source
census, medical record,registry
Secondary data
- Routinely kept records
- Surveys (census)
- Experiments
- External source
Sources of data
an enumeration of people, houses, firms, or other important items in a country or region at a particular time.
Census
RA 10625
The Philippine Statistical Act of 2013
are quantitative information about a population’s “_____ events” such as the number of births (natality), deaths (mortality), marriages (nuptiality) and divorces.
VITAL STATISTICS
○ Birth data.
○ Mortality data.
○ Fetal death data.
○ Linked birth and death data.
○ Marriages and divorces.
○ National Maternal and Infant Health Survey.
○ National Mortality Followback Survey.
Key Vital Statistics Sources
● QUALITATIVE DATA
● DISCRETE QUANTITATIVE
● CONTINUOUS QUANTITATIVE
TYPES OF DATA
Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
Qualitative
