Lesson 2: Life Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is life?
the sum total of all bodily processes of an organism
What are the six theories on how life came to be?
(1) Divine Creation Theory, (2) Abiogenesis Theory, (3) Cosmozoic Theory, (4) Philosophical Theories, (5) Marine Theory, and (6) Naturalistic Theory
What are the eight bases living and non-living things are different?
(1) Form and Size, (2) Chemical Composition, (3) Organization, (4) Metabolism, (5) Irritability, (6) Reproduction, (7) Growth, and (8) Life Cycle
What are the seven bases animals and plants are different?
(1) Structure and Form, (2) Organs, (3) Cell Membrane, (4) Changes, (5) NaCl Reaction, (6) Metabolism, and (7) Irritability
What are the nine life processes?
Abbreviated as Mr. & Mrs. Gren:
(1) Metabolism, (2) Responsiveness, (3) Movement, (4) Reproduction, (5) Sensitivity, (6) Growth and Development, (7) Respiration, (8) Excretion, and (9) Nutrition and Digested
What are the five survival needs of organisms?
(1) Nutrients, (2) Oxygen, (3) Water, (4) Body Temperature (37°C), and (5) Atmospheric Pressure
What is homeostasis?
a process in which a nearly stable environment is maintained in the body
Why is homeostasis important?
so that cellular metabolic functions can proceed at maximum efficiency
What are the four components of homeostasis?
(1) Receptors, (2) Integrators, (3) Effectors, and (4) Set Points
What are receptors also known as?
Sensors
What are receptors?
the recipients of information regarding the current status of an organism
What are integrators also known as?
control centers
What are integrators for?
they control and trigger responses by comparing variables to a relevant set point.
What do effectors do?
carry out responses in order to change the variable to equal that of the set point
What are set points?
the acceptable ranges of conditions.
What are the two mechanisms the body use to maintain homeostasis?
(1) Negative Feedback Mechanism and (2) Positive Feedback Mechanism
What is the more common mechanism of maintaining homeostasis?
Negative Feedback Mechanism
What is the less common mechanism of maintaining homeostasis?
Positive Feedback Mechanism
What is a negative feedback mechanism?
the activity that alters the output in the opposite direction of the initial deviation.
What is a positive feedback mechanism?
the activity that alters the output in the same direction of the initial deviation
What are six examples of a negative feedback loop?
the regulation of (1) body temperature, (2) blood glucose level, (3) hormonal level, (4) blood pressure, (5) platelets, and (6) other substances in the blood.
What are two examples of a positive feedback mechanism?
(1) childbirth and (2) sexual intercourse.
How is childbirth a positive feedback mechanism?
with the baby’s head being pushed against the cervix causing the release of oxytocin, oxytocin causing the uterus to contract, the contractions pushing the baby’s head against the cervix and so on
