LESSON 2: Unit 2: Energy and Forces Module 1: Forces and Motion Lesson 1 – Position and motion

Question 2

What is a reference point?
A) A starting point you choose to describe a location or position of an object
B) An object that moves with the observer
C) The speed at which an object moves
D) A force that causes motion

Answer 2

A starting point you choose to describe a location or position of an object

Question 3

Describe Abdullah’s position with reference to the library as a reference point after walking to the museum and back to the bus stop.
A. 40meast
B. 40mwest
C. 180meast
D. 180mwest

Answer 3

40m east

Question 4

What does it mean when an object is moving at a constant speed?
A) The object is moving at different speeds at different times
B) The object’s speed increases over time
C) The object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time
D) The object is not moving
The object covers equal distances in equal
intervals of time

Answer 4

The object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of velocity?
A) A car moving at 60 km/h
B) A plane flying 500 km/h east
C) A runner completing a 10 km race
D) A clock ticking every second

Answer 5

A plane flying 500 km/h east

Question 6

A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and……………
A) Mass
B) Speed
C) Direction
D) Time

Answer 6

Direction

Question 7

Motion is ……….
A) The change in an object’s mass over time
B) The change in an object’s position
C) The force that keeps an object at rest
D) The ability of an object to resist acceleration

Answer 7

The change in an object’s position

Question 8

7. Sarah is driving on a highway at a steady speed of 80 km/h. She keeps her foot on the accelerator and maintains this speed for several kilometers.

What type of motion is Sarah experiencing when she maintains a speed of 80 km/h on the highway?
A) Changing speed
B) Constant speed
C) Acceleration
D) She is not moving

Answer 8

Constant speed

Question 9

In a distance-time graph, which slope illustrates a greater speed?
A. Slope A
B. Slope B
C. Neither slope A or slope B
D. Slope A and slope B has the same speed

Answer 9

Slope A

Question 10

A vector is represented by __________.
A) A number with units
B) An arrow pointing in a specific direction
C) A set of coordinates
D) A straight line by ….

Answer 10

An arrow pointing in a specific direction

Question 11

What is the average speed of a soccer ball if it travels 20 m in 5 seconds?
A) 4 m/s
B) 5 m/s
C) 10 m/s
D) 15 m/s

Answer 11

4 m/s

Question 12

Define the term Velocity

Answer 12

The speed and direction of a moving object

Question 13

Define the term position

Answer 13

An object’s distance and direction from a reference point

Question 14

Define the term motion

Answer 14

The process of changing position

Question 15

Define the term Speed

Answer 15

The measure of the distance that an object travels in a given amount of time

Question 16

Define the term reference point

Answer 16

The starting point you choose to describe the location or position of an object

Question 17

1. List 3 examples of vectors.

Answer 17

● Velocity
● Displacement
● Acceleration

Question 18

1. Compare and contrast Speed and Velocity

Answer 18

Speed
● only has magnitude
● The rate at which an
object covers distance.
Both
● Both speed and velocity
describe how fast an
object moves.
● Both are measured in
units like meters per
second (m/s), kilometers
per hour (km/h)
Velocity
● has both magnitude and
direction
● The rate at which an
object changes its
position in a specific
direction.

Question 19

2. Compare and contrast reference point and position

Answer 19

Reference Point
● A fixed point used to
determine the location of
an object.
Both
● They help describe an
object’s movement by
indicating where it is
located
Position
● The location of an object
relative to a reference
point.

Question 20

3. Compare and contrast constant speed and changing speed

Answer 20

Constant Speed
● Speed remains the
same over time.
● The object covers equal
distances in equal time
intervals.
Both
● Both involve motion over
time.
● Speed in both cases is
calculated using the
formula: SPEED = DISTANCE/TIME
Changing Speed
● Speed varies over time,
increasing or
decreasing.
● The object covers
different distances in
equal time intervals.

Question 21

4. Compare and contrast reference direction and reference point.

Answer 21

Reference Direction
● A specific direction used
to describe motion (e.g.,
north, east, forward).
Both
● Both are used to
describe motion.
● Both help establish
position and movement
of an object.
Reference Point
● A fixed location used as
a starting point to find
position or motion.

Question 22

Compare and contrast velocity and a vector

Answer 22

Velocity
● The speed of an object
in a specific direction.
Both
● Both have magnitude
and direction.
● Both are represented
using arrows
Vector
● A quantity that has both
magnitude and direction.

Question 23

INTERPRET :
1) The distance time graph shows the journey of eighth graders to the zoo from the school. = page 10 - refer to graph
(a) At what time were they departing from the reference point?
(b) How far is the zoo from the school?
(c) How long did it take them to reach the zoo?
(d) Calculate the average speed they traveled the first hour.
(e) How can we tell from the graph that they have traveled at constant speed the first hour?

Answer 23

(a) At what time were they departing from the reference point?
● 9:00 AM
(b) How far is the zoo from the school?
● 90 miles
(c) How long did it take them to reach the zoo?
● 09:00 - 11:30/ 2 1⁄2 hour.
(d) Calculate the average speed they traveled the first hour.
● Answer
SPEED = DISTANCE/TIME
SPEED = 50/1 = 50 Miles/hour
e) How can we tell from the graph that they have traveled at constant speed the first hour?
● If the graph is a straight, diagonal line (not curved) for the first hour, the object is traveling at a constant speed

Question 24

2. The graph shows the journey of Abdalrahman to school. He first walks to the bus stop and waits there for the bus, then he gets on the bus and goes to school. - page 11 - refer to graph

a. How far does Abdalrahman travel to school?
b. How long did Abdalrahmans journey take?
c. How long does Abdalrahman wait for the bus?
d. At which speed does Abdalrahman walk?

Answer 24

a. How far does Abdalrahman travel to school?
● 1600m
b. How long did Abdalrahmans journey take? ● 10min
c. How long does Abdalrahman wait for the bus?
● 8-5=3min
d. At which speed does Abdalrahman walk?
● Answer:
SPEED = DISTANCE/TIME
SPEED = 400/5 = 80m/min

Question 25

3. The distance time graph is illustrated below - refer to page 12 a. How can we tell from the graph that the speed is kept constant? b. Calculate the average speed at 2 seconds.

Answer 25

a. How can we tell from the graph that the speed is kept constant? If the graph is a straight, diagonal line (not curved) for the first hour, the object is traveling at a constant speed b. Calculate the average speed at 2 seconds. ● Answer SPEED = DISTNACE/TIME SPEED = 10/2 = 5m/min

Question 26

4. The following 2 graphs Graph A and Graph B are provided - refer to page 13 a. How can you determine speed from the constant speed graph? b. What does the curve in the changing speed graph tell us about the object's motion? c. If the constant speed graph had a steeper slope, what would that indicate? d. If the object in the constant speed graph stops moving after 6 seconds, how would the graph change? ● A steeper slope means the distance increases faster over time, which corresponds to a greater speed. ● The graph would level off and become a horizontal line after 6 seconds. This indicates that the obj

Answer 26

a. How can you determine speed from the constant speed graph? ● SPEED = DISTANCE/TIME b. What does the curve in the changing speed graph tell us about the object's motion? ● The speed is not constant c. If the constant speed graph had a steeper slope, what would that indicate? ● A steeper slope means the distance increases faster over time, which corresponds to a greater speed. d. If the object in the constant speed graph stops moving after 6 seconds, how would the graph change? ● The graph would level off and become a horizontal line after 6 seconds. This indicates that the object is no longer moving, as the distance remains constant (no increase in distance over time).

Question 27

5. You are driving near the Kuwait Towers at a speed of 60 km/h, while the speed limit is 40 km/h. You need to travel a distance of 30 km to reach your destination. a. How much time will it take you to travel 30 km at 60 km/h? b. If you were driving at the correct speed limit of 40 km/h, how much time would it take you to travel the 40 km?

Answer 27

a. How much time will it take you to travel 30 km at 60 km/h? Answer: TIME = DISTANCE/SPEED TIME = 30/60 TIME = 1/2 h b. If you were driving at the correct speed limit of 40 km/h, how much time would it take you to travel the 40 km? Time = Distance/speed Time = 40/40 Time = 1h

Question 28

1. Tom starts at the school gate and drives from point A 4 miles east to point B. He then turns around and drives 8 miles west to point C. a. What is Tom’s displacement? b. What is the total distance Tom has traveled?

Answer 28

What is Tom’s displacement? 4 miles West b. What is the total distance Tom has traveled? 4 + 8 = 12 m

Question 29

2. A runner is competing in the 100-meter dash at a school track meet. She sprints from the starting line and crosses the finish line in 10 seconds. a. Calculate the runner’s average speed during the race. b. If another runner finishes the race in 12 seconds, how does her speed compare to the first runner?

Answer 29

a. Calculate the runner’s average speed during the race. Answer: AVERAGE SPEED = TOTAL DISTANCE/TOTAL TIME = 100/10 = 10m/s b. If another runner finishes the race in 12 seconds, how does her speed compare to the first runner? ● The first runner covers the same distance in less time, meaning her speed is higher. ● The second runner takes more time to cover the same distance, so her speed is slower than the first runner's.

Question 30

3. Hoor is jogging along a straight road that runs east-west. She starts at a park and moves 5 meters east in the first second, then continues jogging at a constant speed of 5 m/s east for the next 4 seconds. Suddenly, she notices her friend behind her and turns around to jog 3 m/s west for the next 3 seconds before stopping. a. Calculate Hoor’s average speed the first second b. Calculate the distance Hoor jogged when she was jogging with a constant speed? c. How does choosing east as the reference direction affect the signs of Hoors displacement? d. Calculate how far did Hoor jog west before stopping?

Answer 30

a. Calculate Hoor’s average speed the first second ● Answer: average speed = total distance/total time = 5/1 = 5m/s b. Calculate the distance Hoor jogged when she was jogging with a constant speed? ● Distance = speed x time = 5 x 4 = 20m c. How does choosing east as the reference direction affect the signs of Hoors displacement? ● When you chose east as the reference direction, eastward displacement is considered positive d. Calculate how far did Hoor jog west before stopping? Distance = speed x time = 3 x 3 = 9m

Question 31

4. One evening, Sami is watching the weather forecast when he hears that a storm is approaching his town. The news reports that the storm is moving toward Sami’s house at a speed of 20 km/hr. Checking a weather app, Sami sees that the storm is currently 60 km away from his house. Sam wonders how much time he has before the storm reaches him so he can prepare. a. Calculate how long will it take for the storm to reach Sami’s house? b. If the storm speeds up to 30 km/hr, how much time would Sami have before it reaches his house? c. If Sami needs 1 hour to prepare for the storm, calculate at what minimum distance he should start his preparations if the speed of the storm is 20 km/h?

Answer 31

a. Calculate how long will it take for the storm to reach Sami’s house? TIME = DISTANCE/SPEED = 60/20 = 3h b. If the storm speeds up to 30 km/hr, how much time would Sami have before it reaches his house? TIME = DISTANCE/SPEED = 60/30 = 2h c. If Sami needs 1 hour to prepare for the storm, calculate at what minimum distance he should start his preparations if the speed of the storm is 20 km/h? DISTNACE = SPEED X TIME = 20 X 1 = 20 km

Question 32

5. Fahad, a top Kuwaiti sprinter, is training at Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium for an upcoming GCC Athletics Championship. His coach wants to test his endurance and speed, so he sets up a challenge: Fahad must sprint at a constant speed of 60 m/s for 10 seconds. After the sprint, Fahad wonders how far he has run and how this compares to real-world distances in Kuwait. a. If Fahad maintained the same speed but ran for 10 seconds, how far would he travel? b. The Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Causeway is very famous in Kuwait and Fahad wants to run only 100 m at 50 m/s. How long would it take him to run on the bridge c. If Fahad’s speed decreased after 6 seconds to 30 m/s, how would you calculate his total distance?

Answer 32

a. If Fahad maintained the same speed but ran for 10 seconds, how far would he travel? ● Answer: DISTANCE = SPEED X TIME = 60 X 10 = 600 m b. The Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Causeway is very famous in Kuwait and Fahad wants to run only 100 m at 50 m/s. How long would it take him to run on the bridge TIME = DISTANCE/SPEED = 100/50 = 2s c. If Fahad’s speed decreased after 6 seconds to 30 m/s, how would you calculate his total distance? DISTANCE = SPEED X TIME = 30 X 6 = 180m