Lesson 3

Question 1

The elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event.

Answer 1

Exposure

Question 2

ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS

Answer 2

Physical, Socioeconomic, Environmental Elements

Question 3

tangible or can be visually seen

Answer 3

Physical Elements

Question 4

Example: landscapes, inhabitants, buildings, and other structures that make up the environment

Answer 4

Physical Elements

Question 5

Measurable elements:

Answer 5

population density

Question 6

all these can be altered, enhanced, or even questioned when exposed to hazards.

Answer 6

Socioeconomic elements

Question 7

refer to the manner of social interactions and not the individual or structures that are involved in the system.

Answer 7

Socioeconomic elements

Question 8

include ecosystems and the natural processes that are exposed to hazard events.

Answer 8

Environmental elements

Question 9

Diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard, (as defined by IFRC- International Federation of Red Crescent Societies)

Answer 9

VULNERABILITY

Question 10

The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

Answer 10

VULNERABILITY

Question 11

Is situation specific.

Answer 11

Vulnerability

Question 12

is hazard specific

Answer 12

Vulnerability

Question 13

FACTORS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF VULNERABILITY OF AN AREA OR COMMUNITY.

Answer 13

Proximity to a hazard event
Population density near a hazard event
Capacity and efficiency to reduce disaster risk
Building codes and disaster policies

Question 14

an area frequented by a certain hazard predisposes it to high vulnerability.

Answer 14

Proximity to a hazard event

Question 15

Example: earthquake as an example of a hazard; is more likely to happen in the Philippines than in Brazil because the Philippines is situated along the pacific ring of fire where frequent seismic activities occur. Hence putting Philippines in a vulnerable situation for seismic-related events.

Answer 15

Proximity to a hazard event

Question 16

Refers to the number of individuals inhabiting a particular space at the same time.

Answer 16

Population

Question 17

refers to the number of individuals living in an area in relation to the size of that area.

Answer 17

Population density

Question 18

If people are distributed evenly in an area, the impact of a disaster may be reduced to a minimum.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

if all individuals crowd in one portion of a place, there is little space and time to escape from a hazard.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

includes the accessibility and availability of services and facilities that help in preparing for or during disasters. The availability of these resources would result in the ability of a community to anticipate, adapt, and respond to the changes in socio-ecological and economic impacts that are usually experienced after a disaster.

Answer 20

Capacity and efficiency to reduce disaster risk

Question 21

building and other structures may increase disaster risk. When they fall or collapse due to hazard such as an earthquake, they can cause injury and even loss of lives. Thus, in the design and construction of buildings, possible hazards should be considered.

Answer 21

Building codes and disaster policies

Question 22

hazard resistant structures can lower the vulnerability of a community, especially if the features or design of the structures are hazard-specific.

Answer 22

Building codes and disaster policies

Question 23

pertains to the vulnerability of parts of the building structure that carry load such as the columns, beams, floor, or roof.

Answer 23

Structural vulnerability

Question 24

pertains to the vulnerability of the parts of the building structure that do not carry loads such as walls intended for partitioning the interior space of a building into individual rooms, ceiling tiles, or decorative moldings or finishes.

Answer 24

Non-structural vulnerability

Question 25

pertains to the ability of the structure to function properly. For example, if the stairway collapses or elevator becomes inoperable, mobility within the structure is affected.

Answer 25

Functional vulnerability

Question 26

include the location of the structure, number of buildings and space in between buildings, number of stories, shape, symmetry, age of building, construction typology (material used in construction of the loading carrying elements of the building), age of the building, and alterations to the building and use of the building.

Answer 26

Causative factors

Question 27

that are brittle and massive are generally vulnerable to earthquake. Light structures made from bamboo and straw are generally vulnerable to typhoon and strong winds. Timber structures are generally vulnerable to flood. Steel structures are vulnerable to fire.

Answer 27

Masonry structures

Question 28

is a structure that has been designed and constructed without proper supervision of architect and/or engineer.

Answer 28

A non-engineered structure

Question 29

They generally are designed to withstand normal conditions, but often are not designed to resist wind or earthquake loads that would have been considered had an architect or engineer designed and supervised the construction.

Answer 29

A non-engineered structure

Question 30

include: partition walls, ceilings, lighting fixtures, door frames, mechanical equipment, plumbing and sewerage, electromechanical devices (elevators or machines).

Answer 30

Non-structural vulnerabilities

Question 31

for a hospital would be damage to electrical systems which would prevent electrical life support equipment in the hospital from being operated.

Answer 31

functional vulnerabilities

Question 32

steps that can be taken to eliminate hazard or exposure to the hazard.

Answer 32

PREVENTION

Question 33

aimed at effectively eliminating either the hazard itself, or exposure and/or vulnerability of exposed elements.

Answer 33

PREVENTION

Question 34

steps that can be taken to reduce the hazard or exposure and/or vulnerability of the elements exposed to the hazard.

Answer 34

MITIGATION

Question 35

generally involve external intervention strategies aimed at reducing exposure and/or vulnerability.

Answer 35

MITIGATION

Question 36

modifications in the normal or natural behavior aimed at reducing the exposure and/or vulnerability to the hazard.

Answer 36

ADAPTATION

Question 37

- generally, pertains to a change in the normal/natural human reaction of behavior to reduce the risk.

Answer 37

ADAPTATION

Question 38

Steps to reduce exposure to hazards. These steps can be classified under three categories:

Answer 38

Prevention, Mitigation, Adaptation

Question 39

Example of this is for a school would include the roof being damaged during a strong typhoon leaving the school building exposed to elements and preventing the holding of classes.

Answer 39

functional vulnerabilities