Lesson 3

Question 1

• Most diverse group of tissues
• Supports and binds tissues for all organs

Answer 1

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 2

• Loose and fluid type of embryonic tissues
• Common origin of all connective tissues

Answer 2

MESENCHYME

Question 3

• can be situated in any way and can move from place to place.
• small spindle-shaped (tapered ends) cells with large nuclei (multipotent stem cells – it can differentiate as progenitor cell for cartilage, bone, and blood)
  o Spindle-shaped - similar appearance with Trichuris trichiura
   Unlike the Epithelial cells which have fixed and neatly arranged in sheets

Answer 3

MESENCHYMAL CELLS

Question 4

avascular (no blood supply)

Answer 4

o Cartilage

Question 5

vascular (has blood supply)

Answer 5

o Dense irregular tissue in skin

Question 6

• Its cells are separated by a large amount of Intercellular space

Answer 6

CONNECTIVE TISSUES

Question 7

• Non-living component of connective tissues
• Transparent and colorless (water)
• Also known as “Inert matrix”
  1. Ground Substance
  2. Fibers

Answer 7

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Question 8

• Watery, rubbery, unstructured material that fills the spaces between cells
  o Highly hydrated; bounded by water
• Protects the cells in the extracellular matrix
• Flexible - made of starch, protein molecules and water

Answer 8

GROUND SUBSTANCE

Question 9

anchors the framework of ground substance

Answer 9

o Proteoglycans

Question 10

key proteoglycan in all basal laminae

Answer 10

 Perlecan

Question 11

most abundant in articular cartilage

Answer 11

 Aggrecan

Question 12

sprouts from proteoglycans

Answer 12

o GAG or Glycosaminoglycans

Question 13

 Binding sites for cell surface integrins and macromolecules

Answer 13

o Multi-adhesive glycoproteins

Question 13

largest, most ubiquitous (most known) of all GAGs

Answer 13

 Hyaluronan

Question 14

strongest and most abundant type, tough and flexible.
 A major product of fibroblast

Answer 14

1. Collagen

Question 15

• Provide support and structure to the otherwise shapeless ground substance

Answer 15

FIBERS

Question 16

longer and thinner which form a branching framework within the matrix.
 Made of protein elastin - allows them to stretch and recoil
 Found in the skin, lungs and blood vessel walls

Answer 16

2. Elastic Fibers

Question 17

 Short, finer collagen fibers (type 3) with an extra coating of glycoprotein.
 Forms a delicate, sponge-like networks that cradle and support the organs.
 Found in organs and immune system

Answer 17

3. Reticular Fibers

Question 18

• Literally means “forming”
• Stem cells or immature cells
• Undergoes mitosis to replicate themselves
• Has different types with different functions
• Once they mature they transition from -blast to -cyte

Answer 18

BLASTS

Question 19

• blast cells of the bone tissue
• Osteocytes – mature cells

Answer 19

OSTEOBLAST

Question 19

• blast cells of cartilage
• Chondrocytes – mature cells

Answer 19

CHONDROBLAST

Question 20

• Most diverse group in the tissue family
• To differentiate: based on the amount of fibers in the ground substance

Answer 20

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

Question 21

• provide immune defense for connective tissues, phagocytize bacteria, foreign materials and dead cells
• capable of phagocytosis
• also known as histiocyte

Answer 21

MACROPHAGES

Question 22

1. Mesenchyme

Answer 22

embryo, fetus

Question 23

tendon/ligament 1. Regular 2. Irregular 3. Elastic

Answer 23

* Dense Connective Tissue

Question 24

* Have fewer fibers, and more cells and more ground substance.

Answer 24

LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 25

Wharton's jelly or umbilical cord (composed of hyaluronan)

Answer 25

2. Mucoid

Question 26

subcutaneous tissue (dermis)

Answer 26

3. Adipose

Question 27

bone marrow, lymph node, spleen

Answer 27

4. Reticular

Question 28

* Most common loose connective tissue * Found all over the body * Under the epithelial tissues and wrapped around the organs * It has loose and random arrangement of fibers * Few fibroblast cells * Has a lot of open space/ground substance

Answer 28

AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 29

* Fat tissue * Adipocytes - Fat cells * Fats push out nucleus * Main lipid – triglyceride * Is not mostly ground substance * Holds your blood cells in place in many of the blood forming organs * Similar to areolar tissue but with a woven mass of reticular fibers instead of collagen and elastin fibers

Answer 29

ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 30

tendon, stroma of cornea * Compact collagen fibers are stacked neatly in regular rows

Answer 30

1. Regular

Question 31

dermis, capsules of organs * Collagen fibers are not stacked regularly in rows * Fibers are thicker and arranged erratically * Found wherever tension might be exerted in lots of different directions such as the leathery dermis under the skin

Answer 31

2. Irregular

Question 32

* Collagen with interwoven elastic fibers * Found in places in the body that requires more elasticity and rigidity such as around the joints * Connecting the vertebrae so the spine can curve and twist * Component of arteries - to provide support and flexibility

Answer 32

3. Elastic

Question 33

* Dense connective tissue * Connects your bone to muscle and muscle to muscle * BM & MM

Answer 33

TENDON

Question 34

* Dense connective tissue * Connects your bone to bone * BB

Answer 34

LIGAMENT