LESSON 3

Question 1

What are GMOs?

Answer 1

Organisms with artificially altered genes using genetic engineering.

Question 2

What organisms can be used in GMOs?

Answer 2

What organisms can be used in GMOs?

Question 3

What is the main purpose of GMO use in agriculture?

Answer 3

To increase crop yield and develop traits like pest resistance.

Question 4

What is a major concern with GMOs?

Answer 4

Their possible effects on health and the environment.

Question 5

Who discovered DNA and in what year?

Answer 5

James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.

Question 6

Who first genetically modified an organism and when?

Answer 6

Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973.

Question 6

What GMO was approved in 1982 by the FDA?

Answer 6

Humulin, an insulin from genetically modified E. coli.

Question 6

What did the US Supreme Court allow in 1982?

Answer 6

Patenting of GMOs.

Question 6

What is Bovine Somatotropin (bST) and when was it approved?

Answer 6

A hormone to increase milk; approved in 1993.

Question 7

What is Flavr Savr tomato and when was it approved?

Answer 7

A GMO tomato with delayed ripening; approved in 1994.

Question 8

What GMOs were approved by the EPA in 1995?

Answer 8

Bt Potatoes, Bt Corn, and Roundup Ready Soybeans.

Question 9

What major event happened in 1996?

Answer 9

Glyphosate-resistant superweeds were found in Australia.

Question 10

What cloned animal was born in 1996?

Answer 10

Dolly the sheep.

Question 11

What did the European Union mandate in 1997?

Answer 11

GMO labeling on food and animal feed.

Question 12

What virus-resistant GMO was found in 1998?

Answer 12

GM papaya in Hawaii resistant to Ringspot virus.

Question 12

When did GMO crops exceed 100 million acres worldwide?

Answer 12

1999.

Question 12

What is Golden Rice and when was it developed?

Answer 12

A rice rich in beta-carotene developed in 2000 in the Philippines.

Question 12

Why was Golden Rice criticized?

Answer 12

Concerns over food security, nutrition, and environment.

Question 13

What pest was resistant to Bt cotton in 2003?

Answer 13

Helicoverpa zea caterpillar-moth.

Question 14

What GM trait did pigs gain in 2006?

Answer 14

Ability to digest phosphorus using phytase enzyme.

Question 15

What was found in pregnant women’s blood in 2011?

Answer 15

Bt toxins.

Question 16

Who won a lawsuit against Monsanto in 2012?

Answer 16

French farmer Paul Francois.

Question 17

Who proposed gene therapy and when?

Answer 17

Theodore Friedman and Richard Roblin in 1972.

Question 17

What use of GMO corn and poplars began in 2013?

Answer 17

Biofuel production.

Question 18

What ended in 2014 related to GMOs?

Answer 18

The patent for Roundup Ready seeds.

Question 19

What is gene therapy?

Answer 19

Inserting genes into cells to treat genetic diseases.

Question 20

What did Dr. Anderson and Dr. Blasse do in 1985?

Answer 20

Corrected ADA deficiency in cells in culture.

Question 21

When was the first gene therapy trial done and on whom?

Answer 21

In 1990 on a 4-year-old girl with ADA deficiency.

Question 22

When was the first permanent somatic gene therapy done?

Answer 22

1993.

Question 23

What was the first commercial gene therapy drug?

Answer 23

Gendicine (China, 2003).

Question 24

What gene therapy was approved in Europe in 2018?

Answer 24

Strimvelis.

Question 25

What is a key ethical question in genetic engineering?

Answer 25

Are humans "playing God" by altering genes?

Question 26

Why is cloning controversial?

Answer 26

It is believed that only a higher being should create life.

Question 27

Why is stem cell therapy criticized?

Answer 27

It destroys human embryos to get stem cells.

Question 28

What can GMOs potentially cause in ecosystems?

Answer 28

Ecological imbalance and biodiversity loss.

Question 29

Ecological imbalance and biodiversity loss.

Answer 29

Creation of super bacteria and possible epidemics.

Question 30

What is agroecology?

Answer 30

Study of sustainable farming and biodiversity-friendly methods.