Lesson 3&4 Flashcards
1
Q
During this stage the mandible is bigger than the maxilla
A
During fetal life
2
Q
In what week during the fetal life, the maxilla overlaps the madible?
A
8th week
3
Q
In what week ( during the fetal life) the upper is equal to the lower jaws
A
11th week
4
Q
During the fetal life, in what week does the mandibular growth lags behind maxilla?
A
13th & 20 week
5
Q
True or false
At birth. the mandible tends to be retrognathic relative to the maxilla
A
True
6
Q
Underdeveloped; with tooth buds
A
Alveolar bone
7
Q
large; projects over the condyle
A
Coronoid process
8
Q
minimal develooment
A
Condyle
9
Q
short/ low/wide
A
Rami
10
Q
Main sites of postnatal growth of mandible
A
- condylar cartilage
• 2. posterior border of rami
• 3. alveolar ridges
11
Q
What month or year:
symphyseal cartilage Is replaced by bone
A
4 months-1 year
12
Q
What month or year:
growth is selective
A
4 months - 1 year
13
Q
What year?
appositional growth bone remodelling
A
1st year
14
Q
> Overall Increase in size
> Selective growth
A
Changes in the mandible after 1 year
15
Q
growth:
downward and forward
A
Changes in the mandible after 1 year:
16
Q
Bone deposition:
lingual surface
»> growth superiorly, posteriorly and medially
A
Development of the mandible according to the V principle
17
Q
True or false
Growth in height is completed first
A
False
Growth in WIDTH is completed first
18
Q
What is completed first up to the last?
Height
Width
Lenght
A
1.width
2. Length
3. Height
19
Q
Completed before adolescent growth spurt
A
Growth in Width
20
Q
• Little change in intercanine width increase after ________.
A
12 years
(Growth in Width)
21
Q
In Growth in Width, where is the Deposition, and resorption:
A
Deposition: Outer surface of the
mandible
resorption:
inside
22
Q
Continues through puberty
A
Growth in Length of mandible
23
Q
Growth in Length of mandible
age of girl:
A
14-15years
24
Q
Growth in Length of mandible
age of boys:
A
18-19 years
25
Posterior drift along ramus
Growth in Length of mandible
26
Growth in Height and Thickness of Mandible
Depostion:
alveolar process with the developing dentition and condyle
27
Alveolar process grows in a ______ and ______
upward, outward
28
Alveolar process grows in a upward and outward
Growth in Height and Thickness of Mandible
29
To accommodate the permanent teeth
Growth in Height and Thickness of Mandible
30
Peaks at puberty
Growth at the Condyle
31
Stops at 20 years old
Growth at the Condyle
32
Endochondral growth
Growth at the Condyle
33
Growth by expanding V principle : Outward, backward
Growth at the Condyle
34
lengthens vertically
Growth at the Coronoid Process
35
Growth at the Coronoid Process
Lingual:
Buccal:
• Lingual:
Deposition (medial, superior posterior growth)
• Buccal:
resorption
36
medial, superior posterior growth
Lingual (deposition)
37
In Ramus uprighting
Posterior border:
Anterior border:
Posterior border: deposition
• Anterior border: resorption
38
At what age the greatest increase in size of the mandible occur
6
39
After age 6, the greatest increase in size of the mandible occur ______ to the _____
distal, first molars
40
> created by resorption of the anterior border of the ramus
Arch length space for the permanent 6's and 7's
41
Four dimensions of facial growth
1. vertical growth
2. length
3. width
4. time
42
In facial growth, Vertical growth means?
Height
43
In facial growth, length means?
antero-posterior; depth; sagittal
44
In FACIAL GROWTH, width means?
(transverse)
45
Completed before ( 9-10 years) adolescent growth spurt
Transverse growth
46
Minimally affected by adolescent growth changes
Transverse growth
47
•Ex 13 year old girl with Class Ill skeletal malocclusion >> interception is ruled out but maxillary expansion after suture closure is possible
Transverse growth
48
True or false
In Transverse growth it is Completed after ( 9-10 years)
False
Transverse growth Completed BEFORE( 9-10 years)
49
True or false
Direction of growth has to be considered
True
50
True or false
•Sometimes growth is expected downward and forward movement
False
•Sometimes growth is not in the expected downward and forward movement
51
True or false
Direction of growth has to be considered
•Can be redirected with extraoral appliances
True
52
All dimensions of growth occur in different orders (Hellman)
Face:
Cranium: height > width > depth
4th dimension:
Face: width > depth > height
Cranium: height > width > depth
4th dimension: time
53
Terms RELATED TO GROWTH
GROWTH FIELDS
GROWTH SITE
GROWTH CENTER
REMODELLING
CORTICAL DRIFT
DISPLACEMENT (TRANSLATION)
54
first 20 years of growth after birth
POSTNATAL GROWTH
55
→ outside and inside surfaces of bone
→ covered by soft tissues, cartilage, and osteogenic membrane
GROWTH FIELDS
56
more specific than growth fields
GROWTH SITE
57
areas of specific bone that have strong impact in overall growth
GROWTH SITE
58
→ special growth site which controls the overall growth of the bone
→ ex.: condyle which will influence the growth of the maxilla and
mandible
GROWTH CENTER
59
→ reshaping of bone
→ deposition (apposition) and resorption in some areas
o wherever there is deposition, that is the direction of growth
REMODELLING
60
→ growth movement or relocation of bone towards area of deposition
→ result of remodeling
CORTICAL DRIFT
61
→ movement of bone as a whole from a certain position or place
→ can be:
o primary
o secondary
DISPLACEMENT (TRANSLATION)
62
→ movement of bone because of growth that occurs on a specific part of the bone
→ ex.: maxillary tuberosity
o maxilla moves forward because of growth in
this area
Primary
63
→ growth on adjacent bone of another structure influences the overall growth of another bone
→ ex.: cranial base
o influences the growth of
the maxilla
Secondary
64
Remodeling, cortical drift, and displacement are mechanisms of ____
bone growth
65
only two structures that undergo this mechanism of
formation
cranial base and condyle
66
a cartilage matrix (template) is filled with blood vessels and
there is formation of osteoblasts which will cause the bone to mature, elongate, or grow
ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION
67
→ cranial vault, maxilla, body of the mandible
→ mesenchymal cells create fibrous connective tissue framework
for ossification
INTRAMEMBRANOUS BONE FORMATIO
68
some undifferentiated mesenchymal cells differentiate into
osteoblasts in an ossification center
INTRAMEMBRANOUS BONE FORMATIO
69
→ axis of continued growth extending from head to the feet
→ structures of the upper end growth faster or mature earlier
→ later on, there is lesser growth at the head and more maturation
at the lower area of the body such as the limbs
CEPHALOCAUDAL GRADIENT OF GROWTH
70
(4) major body tissue systems of the body and percentage of adult attainment at 20 years of age:
lymphoid tissues
o neural tissues
o general body tissue
o genital tissues
71
mature early and rise high for immunity of the child and will decrease later on in adulthood. It peaks at 10 years of age.
Lymphoid tissues
72
rise suddenly at a young age and slow down at the ages of 6-7 (its peak) and there is gradual or consistent growth from there on.
Neural tissues
73
follow a steady course that is slightly delayed compared to other tissues.
General tissues
74
peak suddenly during puberty.
Genital tissues
75
The maxilla follows the growth of neural tissues, while the mandible follows general tissues.
True or false
True
76
for bones with a “V” or funnel shape
ENLOW’S EXPANDING “V” PRINCIPLE
77
→ fast and intense increase in the rate of growth in height and weight during adolescence
→ earlier in girls and later in boys
GROWTH SPURT
78
THEORIES OF CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH
NASAL SEPTUM
SUTURE DOMINANCE THEORY
FUNCTIONAL MATRIX
79
→ Scott
→ area around the nasal septum is the primordium where it all
starts
→ displaces maxilla anteriorly and inferiorly
→ genetic control
NASAL SEPTUM
80
. → Melvin Moss
→ most accepted
→ bone grows in response to functional relationships established
by the sum of all the soft tissue matrix associated with that bone
→ genetic factors are not part
FUNCTIONAL MATRIX
81
→ intramembranous growth (replaces fontanels) → remodeling due to brain growth
GROWTH OF CRANIAL VAULT
82
Age where mostly secondary to pneumatization of frontal sinuses and thickening of anterior part of the frontal bone
15 years and adulthood (GROWTH OF CRANIAL VAULT)
83
→ Skeletal Class II relationship
→ excessive midface growth
Large/Long Cranial Base
84
→ Skeletal Class III relationship
→ decreased midface growth
Low/Short Cranial Base
85
→ displacement of maxillary complex
→ growth at sutures
POSTNATAL GROWTH OF THE MAXILLA
86
→ intramembranous ossification
→ strong influence of the cranial base (up to 6 years)
→ surface remodeling (7 years and beyond)
GROWTH OF MAXILLA
87
bone deposition at posterior portion of maxillary tuberosity
GROWTH OF LENGTH OF MAXILLA
88
→ bone deposition of alveolar process as teeth erupt
→ palatal remodeling
GROWTH IN HEIGHT OF MAXILLA
89
→ the downward and forward displacement of maxilla allows for the enlargement of the nasal and oral pharynx
GROWTH OF NASAL AIRWAY
90
→ 16th week
→ rapid downward growth
→ everything is resorptive except the medial part
GROWTH OF MAXILLARY SINUS
91
→ with its growth, the nasal region is enlarging anteriorly,
affecting the nose and making the face deeper anterior-posteriorly
GROWTH OF THE CHEEK BONE & ZYGOMATIC ARCH
