Lesson 3 Minerals and Rocks

Question 1

naturally occurring not man made
inorganic
solid
definite chemical composition
ordered internal structure

Answer 1

mineral

Question 2

quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral

Answer 2

luster

Question 3

generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine similar to a polished metal

Answer 3

metallic

Question 4

vitreous (glassy) adamantine (diamond like) resinous, silky, pearl, dull, greasy

Answer 4

non metallic

Question 5

measure of resistance of a mineral to abrasion or scratch

Answer 5

hardness

Question 6

unique identifying property of minerals and maybe a poor indicator

Answer 6

color

Question 7

color of mineral in powdered form

Answer 7

streak

Question 8

golden color black or dark gray streak

Answer 8

pyrite

Question 9

the ability of mineral to break along planes of weak bonding

Answer 9

cleavage

Question 10

some minerals may not have cleavages but may exhibit broken surfaces that are irregular and non planar

Answer 10

fracture

Question 11

it is the ratio of the weight of a mineral to the weight of an equal volume of water

Answer 11

specific gravity

Question 12

silicon 28% and oxygen 47% over 90% of the rock forming minerals belong to this group

Answer 12

silicates

Question 13

minerals containing oxygen anion (-O2) combined with one or more metal ions

Answer 13

oxides

Question 14

minerals containing sulfur and oxygen anon (S04) combined with other ions

Answer 14

sulfates

Question 15

contains sulfur anion (S2) combined with one or more ions

Answer 15

sulfides

Question 16

contains carbonate anion (C03) 2- combined with other elements

Answer 16

carbonates

Question 17

contains halogen elements combined with one or more elements

Answer 17

halides

Question 18

minerals that form as individual elements

Answer 18

native elements

Question 19

minerals with high thermal and electrical conductivity, typically with metallic luster, low hardness

Answer 19

metals and inter metals

Question 20

more fragile than metals and have lower conductivity

Answer 20

semi metals

Question 21

formed when magma or lava cool to a solid form, either glass or masses of tightly inter grown mineral crystals

Answer 21

igneous

Question 22

formed from magma and tends to take a long time to solidify into rock has phaneretic textures

Answer 22

intrusive or plutonic

Question 23

formed from lava and tends to solidify quickly common textures include aphanitic and porphyritic

Answer 23

extrusive or volcanic

Question 24

fine grained, not visible to the naked eye, relatively fast rates of cooling/solidification prevent the formation of large crystals

Answer 24

aphanitic

Question 25

natural glass with very few crystals

Answer 25

glassy

Question 26

rock fragments volcanic ash

Answer 26

pyroclastic

Question 27

air bubbles trapped inside

Answer 27

vesicular

Question 28

65% silica, generally light colored

Answer 28

felsic/granitic

Question 29

55-65% silica, generally medium colored (gray)

Answer 29

intermediate/andesitic

Question 30

44-55% silica, usually dark colored

Answer 30

mafic/basaltic

Question 31

<45% silica, generally very dark colored

Answer 31

ultramafic

Question 32

formed at or near the surface of the earth when mineral crystals and clasts of plants animals or rocks are compressed or naturally cemented together weathering, erosion, transport and deposition

Answer 32

sedimentary

Question 33

formed from the erode part of other rocks clastic rocks with volcanic origin

Answer 33

clastic sedimentary

Question 34

evaporation and precipitation from solution or lithification of organic matter

Answer 34

non clastic sedimentary

Question 35

formed below the surface of the earth thru process of metamorphism with the recrystallization of minerals in rocks due to changes in pressure and temperature conditions

Answer 35

metamorphic

Question 36

heat and reactive fluids as main factor occurs when re existing rocks gets in contact with magma which the source of heat and magmatic fluids where metamorphic alterations and transformations occur around he contact of metamorphic aureole of the intruding magma and the rock layers

Answer 36

contact metamorphism

Question 37

pressure as main factor occurs in areas that have undergone considerate amount of mechanical deformation and chemical recrystallization during orogenic event which are commonly associated with mountain belts creates foliated metamorphic rocks

Answer 37

regional metamorphism

Question 38

process of breaking down or dissolving rocks

Answer 38

weathering

Question 39

soil and rock particles are driven by a transport agent

Answer 39

erosion

Question 40

the laying down of the sediment carried by any transport agent

Answer 40

deposition

Question 41

the process wherein the sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks

Answer 41

lithification

Question 42

forms from the accumulation of materials both from chemical and mechanical weathering

Answer 42

detrital sedimentary rocks

Question 43

rocks altered at high temp and moderate pressures

Answer 43

hydrothermal metamorphism

Question 44

when extraterrestrial body impacts with earth

Answer 44

shock metamorphism

Question 45

concentrated within an igneous body thru magmatic processes

Answer 45

magmatic ore deposits

Question 46

concentration by hot aqueous fluids

Answer 46

hydrothermal ore deposits

Question 47

concentrated by chemical precipitation from lake or sea water

Answer 47

sedimentary ore deposits

Question 48

concentration thru gravity separation

Answer 48

placer ore deposits

Question 49

concentrated by chemical weathering

Answer 49

residual ore deposits

Question 50

addition of chemicals ike cyanide or acid to dissolve non-useful rock

Answer 50

heap leaching

Question 51

addition of substances that produces air bubbles and attach to minerals to make em float

Answer 51

flotation

Question 52

consolidated mixture of one or more minerals

Answer 52

rocks

Question 53

the minerals toughness or resistance to breaking

Answer 53

tenacity