Lesson 1 Origin of The Universe and The Solar System

Question 1

study of the earth and its neighbor in space

Answer 1

earth science

Question 2

science of earth

Answer 2

geology

Question 3

science of atmosphere

Answer 3

meteorology

Question 4

science of universe

Answer 4

astronomy

Question 5

science of oceans

Answer 5

oceanography

Question 6

narrative from genesis that states that what we have at the present came from a superior being—God/Deity

Answer 6

creation myth

Question 7

hindu text describes universe as OSCILLATING, “cosmic egg”/Brahmanda that contains the whole universe expands out a single point (Bindu) and will collapse again

Answer 7

Rigveda

Question 8

Anaxagoras believed that the original state of the cosmos was primordial mixture of all its ingredients

Answer 8

primordial universe theory

Question 9

the universe was composed of small, indestructible, invisible atoms

Answer 9

atomic universe

Question 10

who believed the atomic universe theory?

Answer 10

Leucippus & Democritus

Question 11

earth is motionless in heaven and everything revolves around it

Answer 11

geocentric universe

Question 12

who believed the geocentric universe theory?

Answer 12

Greek philosophers, Aristotle & Ptolemy

Question 13

motion of celestial bodies could be explained without putting earth at the center of universe

Answer 13

heliocentric universe

Question 14

who believed the heliocentric universe theory?

Answer 14

Nicolas Copernicus

Question 15

-13.7 BYA there was nothing
- Great explosion occurred
- Space, time, matter, and energy in all directions
- Tiny compact point - Singularity

Answer 15

Big bang theory (1920)

Question 16

who believed the Big bang theory?

Answer 16

Alexander Friedman & Georges Lamaitre

Question 17

expansion of the universe

Answer 17

Inflationary Epoch (10-35s)

Question 18

quarks, electrons, photons, neutrinos

Answer 18

Formation of the universe (10-6s)

Question 19

Nucleosynthesis occur where protons + neutrons (the one that forms) + nuclei. H+ nucleic began to combine to from He Nucleic

Answer 19

Basic Elements formation (3s)

Question 20

formed the cosmic microwave background radiation->radiation left from early development of the universe

Answer 20

radiation era (10000yrs)

Question 21

radiation left over from early development of the universe

Answer 21

cmb radiation

Question 22

lithium began to be formed, electrons joined with H and He nuclei to make small neutral atoms

Answer 22

matter domination (300000yrs)

Question 23

areas of gas became denser and then collapsed resulting to ignition

Answer 23

stars and galaxies (300m yrs)

Question 24

group of stars

Answer 24

galaxies

Question 25

galaxies move away from each other

Answer 25

redshift

Question 26

there was a period of exponential expansion prior to the big bang expansion, during the rapid expansion, the size of the universe increased by a factor of approx. 1026 in only a fraction of a second

Answer 26

inflation theory

Question 27

who proposed the inflation theory

Answer 27

alan guth, andrei linde, paul steinhart, andy albrecht

Question 28

the universe is always expanding but maintaining constant average density

Answer 28

steady state theory

Question 29

who proposed steady state theory

Answer 29

hermann bondi, thomas gold, fred hoyle. (1948)

Question 30

theory that states that universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling, each beginning with a big bang and ends with a big crunch

Answer 30

oscillating universe theory

Question 31

sees universe as one of the many bubbles that grew as part of a multiverse

Answer 31

multiverse theory

Question 32

russian american physicist that developed multiverse theory

Answer 32

andrei linde

Question 33

states that the planets were formed by the collision of the sun with a giant comet resulting debris formed planets

Answer 33

buffon’s collision theory

Question 34

proposed buffon’s collision theory

Answer 34

george louis leclerc, comte de buffon (1707-1788)

Question 35

states that the planets were formed from the substance that were torn out of the sun when a massive star passed near the sun, the materials condensed to form the planets

Answer 35

jeans jeffreys tidal theory

Question 36

who proposed jeans jeffreys tidal theory

Answer 36

james hopwood jeans and harold jeffreys

Question 37

great cloud of gas and dust called nebula begins to collapse because of gravitational pull

Answer 37

kant-laplace nebular theory

Question 38

who proposed nebular theories

Answer 38

immanuel kant (1724-1804) pierre simon laplace (1749-1827)

Question 39

the solar system was formed as a result of condensation of hydrogen gas and dust called as the interstellar gas and dust cloud due to the explosion of star called as supernova the cloud began to collapse due to gravity forming the sun and the planets the present working model for the formation of the solar system

Answer 39

solar nebular/protoplanet theory

Question 40

formed from the first stage of accretion of grain sized particles from the nebula

Answer 40

planetisimals

Question 41

massive objects that are formed from the coalescing planetisimals

Answer 41

protoplanets

Question 42

made up of rocks and are sometimes called minor planets

Answer 42

asteroids

Question 43

1st known asteroid

Answer 43

ceres

Question 44

asteroids perturbed out of the asteroid belt and may come close to earth

Answer 44

near earth asteroids

Question 45

composed mainly of ice

Answer 45

comets

Question 46

outermost region if the solar system where halley’s comets came from

Answer 46

kuiper belt

Question 47

further than kuiper belt

Answer 47

oort cloud

Question 48

earth like planets/inner planets composed mostly of dense rocky metallic materials have a molten heavy metal core few moons and topological features such as valleys volcanoes craters

Answer 48

terrestrial planets

Question 49

what are the terrestrial planets

Answer 49

mercury venus mars and earth

Question 50

jupiter like or gas planets mostly made up of hydrogen and helium

Answer 50

jovian planets

Question 51

what are the jovian planets

Answer 51

jupiter saturn uranus neptune

Question 52

dwarf planet by international astronomical union orbits the sun has sufficient mass for irs self gravity has not cleared the neighborhood around it

Answer 52

pluto