Lesson 3 Terms Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

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3
Q

bones markings indicate

A

where bones form joints, ligaments attach, and blood vessels and nerves pass

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4
Q

tuberosity

A

large rounded projection; may be roughed

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5
Q

crest

A

narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

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6
Q

trochanter

A

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)

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7
Q

line

A

narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

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8
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded projection or process

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9
Q

epicondyle

A

raised area on or above a condyle

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10
Q

spine

A

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

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11
Q

process

A

any bony prominence

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12
Q

head

A

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

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13
Q

facet

A

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

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14
Q

condyle

A

rounded articular projection

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15
Q

ramus

A

armlike bar of bone

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16
Q

groove

A

furrow

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17
Q

fissure

A

narrow, slitlike opening

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18
Q

foramen

A

round or oval opening through a bone

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19
Q

notch

A

indentation at the edge of a structure

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20
Q

meatus

A

canal-like passageway

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21
Q

sinus

A

bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

22
Q

fossa

A

shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

23
Q

compact bone

A

smooth and homogenous

24
Q

spongy/cancellous bone

A

has small trabeculae (bars) and lots of space

25
long bones
longer than they are wide; made mostly of compact bone (femur)
26
short bones
cube shaped; mostly spongy bone (tarsals/carpals)
27
flat bones
thin, 2 wafer-like layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between (skull)
28
irregular bones
irregular shaped bones (vertebrae)
29
epiphysis
end of bone (distal and proximal)
30
periosteum
covers the bone; Sharpey's fiber from this penetrate the bone
31
articular cartilage
covers epiphyseal surface instead of periosteum
32
epiphyseal plate
area of hyaline cartilage where longitudinal growth of bones occur (seen as epiphyseal line in adults)
33
endosteum
lines the shaft
34
medullary cavity
hollow central interior. contains yellow bone marrow in adults, red bone marrow in infants
35
yellow bone marrow
composed of adipose tissue (fat cells)
36
red bone marrow
consists of immature red and white blood cells and stem cells. used to produce blood cells
37
Osteon (Haversian system)
central canal and all concentric lamellae with Haversian/central canal in center
38
Haversian/central canal
runs along length of bones; carries blood, lymph vessels and nerves
39
canaliculus/canaliculi
tiny canals radiating outwards from central canal (single canal = canaliculus). They connect the central canal to small chambers in the lamellae called lacunae
40
osteocytes
mature bone cells found inside lacunae
41
lacunae
small chambers that 'house' the mature bone cells (osteocytes)
42
perforating/Volkmann's canals
canals that run into compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum
43
Shin splints
caused by: - inflammation of periosteum (periostitis) - inflammation of the perforating fibers - flat feet, inversion of feet with impact exercises
44
articular cartilage
covers bone ends of movable joints
45
costal
connecting ribs to sternum
46
laryngeal
construct the larynx
47
tracheal and bronchial
reinforce passageways of respiratory system
48
nasal
supports nose
49
intervertebral discs
cushion bones of spine
50
hyaline
found in nasal, articular, costal, tracheal/bronchial (air passages). Most skeletal cartilages are composed of this type
51
elastic
only found in external ear and epiglottis
52
fibrocartilage
found in cartilage at knee joint, pubic symphysis, intervertebral