Lesson 3 Terms

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

skull, vertebrae, ribs

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

Question 3

bones markings indicate

Answer 3

where bones form joints, ligaments attach, and blood vessels and nerves pass

Question 4

tuberosity

Answer 4

large rounded projection; may be roughed

Question 5

crest

Answer 5

narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Question 6

trochanter

Answer 6

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)

Question 7

line

Answer 7

narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Question 8

tubercle

Answer 8

small rounded projection or process

Question 9

epicondyle

Answer 9

raised area on or above a condyle

Question 10

spine

Answer 10

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Question 11

process

Answer 11

any bony prominence

Question 12

head

Answer 12

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Question 13

facet

Answer 13

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Question 14

condyle

Answer 14

rounded articular projection

Question 15

ramus

Answer 15

armlike bar of bone

Question 16

groove

Answer 16

furrow

Question 17

fissure

Answer 17

narrow, slitlike opening

Question 18

foramen

Answer 18

round or oval opening through a bone

Question 19

notch

Answer 19

indentation at the edge of a structure

Question 20

meatus

Answer 20

canal-like passageway

Question 21

sinus

Answer 21

bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Question 22

fossa

Answer 22

shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Question 23

compact bone

Answer 23

smooth and homogenous

Question 24

spongy/cancellous bone

Answer 24

has small trabeculae (bars) and lots of space

Question 25

long bones

Answer 25

longer than they are wide; made mostly of compact bone (femur)

Question 26

short bones

Answer 26

cube shaped; mostly spongy bone (tarsals/carpals)

Question 27

flat bones

Answer 27

thin, 2 wafer-like layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between (skull)

Question 28

irregular bones

Answer 28

irregular shaped bones (vertebrae)

Question 29

epiphysis

Answer 29

end of bone (distal and proximal)

Question 30

periosteum

Answer 30

covers the bone; Sharpey's fiber from this penetrate the bone

Question 31

articular cartilage

Answer 31

covers epiphyseal surface instead of periosteum

Question 32

epiphyseal plate

Answer 32

area of hyaline cartilage where longitudinal growth of bones occur (seen as epiphyseal line in adults)

Question 33

endosteum

Answer 33

lines the shaft

Question 34

medullary cavity

Answer 34

hollow central interior. contains yellow bone marrow in adults, red bone marrow in infants

Question 35

yellow bone marrow

Answer 35

composed of adipose tissue (fat cells)

Question 36

red bone marrow

Answer 36

consists of immature red and white blood cells and stem cells. used to produce blood cells

Question 37

Osteon (Haversian system)

Answer 37

central canal and all concentric lamellae with Haversian/central canal in center

Question 38

Haversian/central canal

Answer 38

runs along length of bones; carries blood, lymph vessels and nerves

Question 39

canaliculus/canaliculi

Answer 39

tiny canals radiating outwards from central canal (single canal = canaliculus). They connect the central canal to small chambers in the lamellae called lacunae

Question 40

osteocytes

Answer 40

mature bone cells found inside lacunae

Question 41

lacunae

Answer 41

small chambers that 'house' the mature bone cells (osteocytes)

Question 42

perforating/Volkmann's canals

Answer 42

canals that run into compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum

Question 43

Shin splints

Answer 43

caused by: - inflammation of periosteum (periostitis) - inflammation of the perforating fibers - flat feet, inversion of feet with impact exercises

Question 44

articular cartilage

Answer 44

covers bone ends of movable joints

Question 45

costal

Answer 45

connecting ribs to sternum

Question 46

laryngeal

Answer 46

construct the larynx

Question 47

tracheal and bronchial

Answer 47

reinforce passageways of respiratory system

Question 48

nasal

Answer 48

supports nose

Question 49

intervertebral discs

Answer 49

cushion bones of spine

Question 50

hyaline

Answer 50

found in nasal, articular, costal, tracheal/bronchial (air passages). Most skeletal cartilages are composed of this type

Question 51

elastic

Answer 51

only found in external ear and epiglottis

Question 52

fibrocartilage

Answer 52

found in cartilage at knee joint, pubic symphysis, intervertebral