LESSON 3_ ROCK FORMING MATERIALS

Question 1

is inorganic substance that are made up of one or a number of chemical elements with a definite chemical composition. It is also not man made

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

Physical Properties of Minerals

Answer 2

1. Color
2. Hardness
3. Luster
4. Streak
5. Specific Gravity
6. Fracture
7. Cleavage
8. Crystal form

Question 3

Refers to how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral.

Answer 3

Luster

Question 4

Luster: Shiny, Sparkling

Answer 4

Metallic

Question 5

Luster: Dull, Greasy, Vitreous, Glassy

Answer 5

Non- Metallic

Question 6

The ability of mineral to resist scratching.

Answer 6

Hardness

Question 7

A German mineralogist who developed a hardness scale over 100 years ago.

Answer 7

Friedrich Mohs

Question 8

Measures the scratch resistance of various minerals from a scale of 1 to 10, based on the ability of a harder material/mineral to scratch a softer one.

Answer 8

Mohs Scale

Question 9

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: It flakes easily when scratched by a nail

Answer 9

1

Question 10

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 1

Answer 10

Talc/ Talcum powder

Softest known material

Question 11

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: A fingernail can easily scratch it

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 2

Answer 12

Gypsum

Ingredient of Plaster

Question 13

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: A fingernail cannot scratch it, but a Copper penny can

Answer 13

3

Question 14

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 3

Answer 14

Calcite

FOund in Cement

Question 15

Mohs Relative Hardness: A steel nail can easily stratch it

Answer 15

4

Question 16

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 4

Answer 16

Fluorite

Found in toothpastes

Question 17

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: A steel nail can scratch it

Answer 17

5

Question 18

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 5

Answer 18

Apatite

Mineral found in our bones

Question 19

Mohs Relative Hardness: Cannot be scratched by a steel nail but it can scratch glass

Answer 19

6

Question 20

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 6

Answer 20

Feldspar

Ingredient in Glass

Question 21

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: Can scratch steel and glass easily

Answer 21

7

Question 22

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 7

Answer 22

Quartz

Used in Glass

Question 23

Relative Hardness Scale: Can scratch quartz

Answer 23

8

Question 24

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 8

Answer 24

Topaz

Gemstone

Question 25

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: Can scratch Topaz

Answer 25

9

Question 26

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 9

Answer 26

Corundum | *Rubies* and *Sapphires*

Question 27

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: Can scratch all the other minerals

Answer 27

10

Question 28

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 10

Answer 28

Diamond | *Hardest* known mineral

Question 29

Refers to the characteristic shape of a mineral unit which are visible (either an individual crystal or a group of crystal).

Answer 29

Crystal form habit

Question 30

- **Visual appearance** of the mineral - **Least useful property** in identifying minerals (Minerals could have similar color and some could be altered by impurities)

Answer 30

Color

Question 31

- Is the mineral’s **color in powdered form**. It can be useful for identifying metallic and Earthy minerals. - Non-metallic minerals usually give a white streak because are very light- colored. - Other minerals may have distinctive streaks. Ex: Hematite, always gives a reddish-brown streak no matter what type of luster

Answer 31

Streak

Question 32

- It is the ability of a mineral to break **along preferred planes.** - The number of ________ planes in a mineral may also aid its identification. - Typically occurs in either one, two, three, four or six dimensions. - The **tendency** of a Mineral to **break evenly along its weakest plane.** **(Smoothly/ evenly)**

Answer 32

Cleavage

Question 33

The tendency of a mineral to break unevenly/ irregularly

Answer 33

Fracture

Question 34

- Is the “**heaviness**” of a mineral. - The ratio of the density of the mineral to the density of water (1g/cm cubed) | Density= Mass/ Volume

Answer 34

Specific Gravity

Question 35

# Special Property Produces a chemical reaction when a drop of weak acid is placed on fizzes (produces bubbles) | Example: Calcite

Answer 35

Fluoresence

Question 36

How to identify the volume of an irregularly shaped mineral?

Answer 36

Water displacement | How much it **elevates**

Question 37

# Special Property When a mineral is magnetic | Example: Magnetite

Answer 37

Magnetism

Question 38

# Special Property Having distinct taste | Example: Halite (Salty)

Answer 38

Taste

Question 39

# Special Property Having a distinctive smell | Example: Sulfur

Answer 39

Odor

Question 40

# Special Property