Q2_LESSON 1_ WATER RESOURCES

Question 1

What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?

Answer 1

71%

Question 2

What percentage of the Earth’s water is in the oceans?

Answer 2

97.5%

Question 3

Sources of water

• Ocean: A vast body of saline water
• Hydrologic process

Answer 3

Saltwater Reservoir

Question 4

Sources of Water

Where is most of the Earth’s fresh water found?

Answer 4

Frozen in glaciers in Greenlandand
Ice sheets in Antarctica.

Question 5

FRESH WATER RESERVOIR

• Permanent
• Recrystallized snow

Answer 5

Glaciers (68.7%)

Question 6

FRESH WATER RESERVOIR

• Unmelted snow covered by another layer
• Accumulates and becomes compacted
• Is influenced by global climate and hydrological cycle

Answer 6

Ice sheets

Question 7

FRESH WATER RESERVOIR

• Soil, rock, sediment that’s been frozen for more than 2 consecutive years
• Thaws during summer and refreezes during winter

Answer 7

Permafrost (0.8%)

Question 8

What is the global mechanism by which water moves from the air to the Earth and back?

Answer 8

Water cycle

Question 9

What are the main components of the Earth’s water cycle?

Answer 9

1. Precipitation
2. Infiltration
3. Runoff
4. Groundwater discharge
5. Evapotranspiration.

Question 10

FRESH WATER RESERVOIR

• Found in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface
• Largest reservoir
• 30.2%

Answer 10

Groundwater (30.1%)

Question 11

Water stored in the soil, used by plants, and released into the air.

Answer 11

Green water

Question 12

Water in runoff and drainage that recharges groundwater and streams.

Answer 12

Blue Water

Question 13

What percentage of Earth’s freshwater that is neither frozen nor underground is found in the atmosphere?

Answer 13

10%

Question 14

What is the prime source of drinking water, energy, and irrigation for people?

Answer 14

Surface Water

Question 15

SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

• Moving body of water
• Flows downslope towards sea level because of gravity
• Defined passages called Channels
• 1.6% surface and atmospheric water

Answer 15

Streams

Question 16

SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

• Large inland bodies of fresh or saline water
• Water colelcts in low area (deplession) and behind natural or man made dams
• holds the largest amount of fresh water?

Answer 16

Lakes (67.4%)

Question 17

• Water covers the surfcace for a significant period

Answer 17

Wetlands (8.5%)

Question 18

TYPES OF WETLAND RESERVOIR

Shallow wetland around lakes, streams and oceans

Answer 18

Marsh

Question 19

TYPES OF WETLAND RESERVOIR

• Lush trees and vegetation
• Slow moving rivers
• Low lying

Answer 19

Swamps

Question 20

TYPES OF WETLAND RESERVOIR

• Freshwater from streams meets saltwater from sea

Answer 20

Estuary

Question 21

SUMMARY

TYPES OF WATER SOURCES

Answer 21

1. Saltwater Reservoirs
2. Freshwater Reservoirs
3. Surface Water Reservoirs
4. Wetlands

Question 22

SUMMARY

FRESHWATER RESERVOIR

Answer 22

1. Glaciers
2. Ice Sheets
3. Permafrost
4. Ground Water

Question 23

SUMMARY

SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

Answer 23

1. Stream
2. Lakes

Question 25

# SUMMARY WETLANDS

Answer 25

1. Marsh 2. Swamp 3. Estuary

Question 26

# ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY Is a huge contributor to water pollution, from fertilizers used for row crops to the manure created by animals

Answer 26

Agriculture

Question 27

# ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY - Is another human activity that places considerable strain on drinking water - Fracking and coal mining - Uses a great deal of water - Their waste products can pollute groundwater, and therefore drinking water, as well.

Answer 27

Fossil Fuel Production

Question 28

# ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY - A technique where coal mining companies remove tops of mountains to reveal coal. - It can also degrade the drinking water of communities that live near the mining sites.

Answer 28

Mountain Top Removal Mining

Question 29

# ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY - Drinking water might have a drug problem. - Health providers as well as livestock producers use millions of pounds of pharmaceutical drugs each year - Some of those are ending up in treated drinking water.

Answer 29

Pharmaceuticals

Question 30

# ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY - Changing of land from rural to urban. - Considering the degradation of drinking water in some places, like in Asia, - Population density in key watersheds has expanded rapidly since the beginning of the 20th century.

Answer 30

Development and Land use changes