Lesson 4

Question 1

How is soil formed

Answer 1

1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Deposition

Question 2

Soil creating is a slow, continuous process. What are the three ways soil breaks down?

Answer 2

Physical
Chemical
Biological

Question 3

What does weathering do to effect soil

Answer 3

1. Reducing the size
2. Changing the mineral particles for absorption
3. Adding organic material
4. Creating horizons

Question 4

What is the chemical weathering process

Answer 4

Reactions

Question 5

Explain weathering Biological process

Answer 5

Micro-organism
Insects
Animals

Question 6

Physical weathering

Answer 6

Physical forces

Question 7

What in a parent material determines the rate of breakdown during weathering

Answer 7

Minerals in parent material
Hardness of parent material
Porosity of parent material

Question 8

What determines soil mineral composition

Answer 8

The mineral composition of the parent material

Question 9

Name some minerals/elements 7

Answer 9

Ca, Mg, Fe, Na (sodium) K (potassium), N (nitrogen), S,

Question 10

What determines rate of soil within climate

Answer 10

Precipitation
Temperature
Elevation
Latitude

Question 11

What determines climate and levels of what?

Answer 11

Precipitation and temperature
Elevation and latitude

Question 12

How does a finer grained soil effect weathering?

Answer 12

1. Higher surface area
2. Faster weather
3. Retains water longer

Question 13

What is residual parent material

Answer 13

Rocks that weather without being moved
Water is main ingredient
Water must penetrate material

Question 14

What is the important of water

Answer 14

Distribution rates,
Soil formation rate
Kinds of soil

Question 15

Precipitation and temperature determine

Answer 15

The kind and amount of vegetation which in turns relates to the rare of soil formation

Question 16

Rainfall intensity impacts

Answer 16

The amount of run-off which effects erosion and soil destruction

Question 17

Increase in precipitation leads to

Answer 17

Increasing rates of soil formation

Question 18

Seasonal rainfall distribution during warm weather is

Answer 18

Better for weathering

Question 19

With organic matter Weathering In cool-humid climates

Answer 19

Organic matter Is more prevalent

Question 20

In arid/semi arid climates how is weathering effected

Answer 20

Organic matter accumulates more slowly
Soluble salts accumulate rapidly
Weather takes a lot longer

Question 21

Three types of parent material rock

Answer 21

1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic

Question 22

What is rocks crystallize from molten lava

Answer 22

Igneous rock

Question 23

2 types of igneous rocks

Answer 23

Granite and Basalt

Question 24

Describe Igneous rock that is slow cooled

Answer 24

Light colored
Course grained

Question 25

Described igneous rock that was cooled rapidly

Answer 25

Dark color Fine grained

Question 26

What is Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 26

Rocks formed by sedimentation from water or pressure and compaction

Question 27

What are examples of Sedimentary Rock

Answer 27

Sandstone Shale Limestone

Question 28

What is Metamorphic rock

Answer 28

Formed by alteration of igneous or sedimentary rocks under conditions of high temperature and pressure

Question 29

Example of Metamorphic Rocks

Answer 29

Marble

Question 30

How is soil moved

Answer 30

Water liquid or ice Wind Gravity

Question 31

What is Glacial till

Answer 31

Unstratified material Material rock deposited is a mixture of sizes

Question 32

What is glacier deposits

Answer 32

Materials carried by ice

Question 33

What sizes in unstratified are glazer deposits

Answer 33

Clay to boulder size

Question 34

Ice and water outwash is

Answer 34

Formed by Water during Glacial melt Stratified material

Question 35

glacial outwash is stratified or unstratified

Answer 35

Stratified material

Question 36

What is an alluvium

Answer 36

a deposit of clay, silt, sand, and gravel left by flowing streams in a river valley or delta, typically producing fertile soil.

Question 37

What are 5 water deposits

Answer 37

Alluvium Old alluvium Lacustrine Coastal Beach deposits

Question 38

Alluvium Deposits are

Answer 38

Recent

Question 39

What is old alluvium deposits

Answer 39

comprises a sequence of very weak to weak quartzo-feldspathic sandstones with conglometric and mudstone horizons in which the upper parts have been weathered to form a silty clay and geavelly sand. Not good for agriculture

Question 40

Lacustrine deposits

Answer 40

relating to, formed in, living in, or growing in lakes

Question 41

What are Coastal plain deposits

Answer 41

sediments are the deposits of shoreline environments

Question 42

What are types of wind deposits LA

Answer 42

Loess Aeolian

Question 43

What size is Loess wind deposit

Answer 43

Silt size

Question 44

What is the size of Loess wind deposit

Answer 44

Mostly silt particles with sand and clay

Question 45

What is an example of Loess and Aeolian wind deposits

Answer 45

Sand dunes Volcanic ash

Question 46

What are the water deposits

Answer 46

Alluvium Old alluvium Lacustrine Costal plain

Question 47

What are three types of weathering

Answer 47

Organic Biological Physical

Question 48

How is mineral composition determined in soil

Answer 48

The rate of brake down The climate The structure of the mineral

Question 49

What are water deposits

Answer 49

Alluvium, old alluvium, lacustrine, costal plain, beach deposits

Question 50

What role do plants and organisms play in soil formation

Answer 50

The kind of soil and the rate of formation

Question 51

Minerals that weather at different rates result in what kind if soil?

Answer 51

Different soils

Question 52

For water interaction, what determines the rate of breakdown

Answer 52

Temperature and precipitation amount

Question 53

Increase precipitation leads to

Answer 53

Increasing rates of soil formation and deep soil

Question 54

For weathering which is better for rain or snow melt

Answer 54

Rain

Question 55

What are beach deposits

Answer 55

Concentrations of mineral formed by the grinding action of natural forces (wind, wave, or frost) and the selective transporting action of tides and winds.

Question 56

What is Colluvium deposits

Answer 56

Deposits left by gravity on hillsides