Lesson 4.5: Most Notable Ancient Greek Philosophers

Question 1

most notable ancient greek philosophers

Answer 1

socrates, plato, aristotle, thales of miletus, pythagoras, heraclitus, parmenides, empedocles, democritus, epicurus, zeno of citium, diogenes of sinope,

Question 2

known primarily through the accounts of later classical writers, particularly his student Plato.

Answer 2

socrates

Question 3

He engaged in a method of dialectical questioning to stimulate critical thinking and self-examination.

Answer 3

socrates

Question 4

He believed in the pursuit of ethical virtue and the importance of knowing oneself.

Answer 4

socrates

Question 5

why was socrates put on trial and sentenced to death

Answer 5

corrupting the youth and introducing new gods

Question 6

how did socrates die

Answer 6

accepting his punishment and drank hemlock (a poison)

Question 7

a prolific writer and his dialogues feature Socrates as the main character in many of them.

Answer 7

plato

Question 8

He explored a wide range of subjects, from ethics to metaphysics.

Answer 8

plato

Question 9

plato created the

Answer 9

theory of forms

Question 10

suggests that there is a realm of perfect, unchanging concepts or forms that underlie the imperfect physical world.

Answer 10

theory of forms

Question 11

plato made

Answer 11

“Republic” and “Phaedo”

Question 12

Republic discussed

Answer 12

justice and the ideal state

Question 13

Phaedo explore the

Answer 13

nature of the soul and immortality

Question 14

studied under Plato and became a tutor to Alexander the Great.

Answer 14

aristotle

Question 15

aristotle studied under

Answer 15

plato

Question 16

aristotle become a tutor for

Answer 16

alexander the great

Question 17

aristotle developed the

Answer 17

systematic approach to logic; nicomachean ethics, metaphysics

Question 18

foundation of Western logic.

Answer 18

systematic approach to logic

Question 19

nicomachean ethics delves into

Answer 19

virtue ethics and the pursuit of eudaimonia

Question 20

eudaimonia stands for

Answer 20

flourishing

Question 21

explored the nature of reality, and his empirical approach laid groundwork for natural sciences.

Answer 21

aristotle’s metaphysics

Question 22

considered one of the first philosophers because he sought natural explanations for phenomena instead of relying on myths.

Answer 22

thales of miletus

Question 23

what did thales propose as the fundamental substance from which all things arise

Answer 23

water

Question 24

founded a mystical and philosophical school known as Pythagoreanism.

Answer 24

pythagoras

Question 25

pythagoras founded

Answer 25

pythagoreanism

Question 26

what did pythagoras believe was the foundation of reality

Answer 26

mathematics and numbers

Question 27

what else did pythagoras create

Answer 27

pythagorean theorem

Question 28

Heraclitus is known for

Answer 28

his doctrine of change, emphasizing that everything is in a state of flux

Question 29

heraclitus famously said

Answer 29

you cannot step into the same river twice

Question 30

what did heraclitus believe was fundamental to the nature of reality

Answer 30

change

Question 31

heraclitus believed that unity is found in

Answer 31

the tension of opposites

Question 32

parmenides proposed that reality is

Answer 32

unchanging and that change is an illusion

Question 33

parmenides argued that the true nature of reality is

Answer 33

single, unchanging, and eternal being

Question 34

where did parmenides present his ideas

Answer 34

poem called "On Nature"

Question 35

Empedocles introduced the concept of

Answer 35

four classical elements (earth, water, air, fire)

Question 36

the building blocks of the physical world.

Answer 36

four classical elements

Question 37

empedocles believed that the four classical elements were influenced by two cosmic forces which are

Answer 37

love (attraction) and strife (repulsion)

Question 38

Democritus is known for his

Answer 38

atomic theory

Question 39

proposed that everything is composed of indivisible and indestructible particles called atoms.

Answer 39

atomic theory

Question 40

atomic theory states that

Answer 40

everything is composed of indivisible and indestructible particles called atoms

Question 41

democritus believed that reality could be explained through

Answer 41

interactions of atoms in an infinite void

Question 42

Epicurus founded

Answer 42

Epicureanism

Question 43

a philosophy that emphasized seeking happiness (ataraxia) through the avoidance of pain and the cultivation of simple pleasures.

Answer 43

epicureanism

Question 44

ataraxia means

Answer 44

happiness

Question 45

epicurus believed that

Answer 45

gods existed but were distant and uninterested in human affairs

Question 46

Zeno founded

Answer 46

stoicism

Question 47

a philosophy that stressed living in accordance with nature, cultivating virtue, and practicing self-control.

Answer 47

stoicism

Question 48

stoics believed that

Answer 48

enduring hardships with dignity and embracing challenges as opportunities for growth

Question 49

Diogenes was a

Answer 49

cynic philosopher

Question 50

was a Cynic philosopher who rejected social norms and material possessions.

Answer 50

diogenes

Question 51

diogenes sought to

Answer 51

live a simply life in accordance with nature and challenged conventions through his actions and teachings

Question 52

why is there a need to philosophize

Answer 52

critical thinking; questioning assumptions; ethical reflection; clarity of thought; metaphysical exploration; self-understanding; cultural insights; resolving conflicts; guidance in life; advancing knowledge

Question 53

Philosophy encourages critical examination of beliefs, leading to a deeper understanding of concepts and ideas.

Answer 53

critical thinking

Question 54

It challenges assumptions and preconceived notions, fostering intellectual growth and openness to new perspectives.

Answer 54

questioning assumptions

Question 55

Philosophical inquiry helps individuals develop a coherent ethical framework and make well-reasoned moral decisions.

Answer 55

ethical reflection

Question 56

Philosophy refines communication skills and helps express complex ideas with clarity and precision.

Answer 56

clarity of thought

Question 57

It delves into questions about reality, existence, and the nature of the universe, expanding our understanding of the world.

Answer 57

metaphysical exploration

Question 58

Philosophical reflection aids in understanding personal values, beliefs, and motivations.

Answer 58

self-understanding

Question 59

Philosophical exploration of cultural and historical ideas enhances cross-cultural understanding.

Answer 59

cultural insights

Question 60

Philosophical methods can aid in resolving conflicts by fostering rational dialogue and empathy.

Answer 60

resolving conflicts

Question 61

Philosophical frameworks offer guidance in navigating life's challenges and complexities.

Answer 61

guidance in life

Question 62

Philosophy contributes to the advancement of human knowledge by addressing fundamental questions and promoting intellectual curiosity.

Answer 62

advancing knowledge

Question 63

about understanding how everything fits together to give us a better understanding of the world.

Answer 63

holistic thinking

Question 64

about being really good at one thing but possibly missing how it fits with everything else.

Answer 64

partial thinking