Lesson 5

Question 1

According to him, man is nothing but what he makes of himself.

Answer 1

Jean Paul Sartre

Question 2

It is absolute

Answer 2

Freedom

Question 3

The reality of man is being totally ___

Answer 3

free

Question 4

All events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes to external to human will.

Answer 4

Determinism

Question 5

Freedom and responsibility

Answer 5

Existentialism

Question 6

Harvard psychologist who was the most popular proponent of the science of behaviorism.

Answer 6

B.F Skinner

Question 7

He famously claimed that human freedom is nothing but our ignorance of the basic laws of nature

Answer 7

B.F Skinner

Question 8

It is an illusion

Answer 8

Freedom

Question 9

Is what creates the human being

Answer 9

Environment

Question 10

In the book __ ___, Skinner thought of making a set of people as variables in a scientific experiment. The recurrence of any behavior can be increased or decreased.

Answer 10

Walden Two

Question 11

For him, it is the environment that forms human nature. The basic idea here for Skinner is to control the environment in order to achieve the desired results.

Answer 11

Skinner

Question 12

He explains Skinner’s position: The power of conditioning has been frequently substantiated by research in both human and intra-human levels.

Answer 12

John Kavanaugh

Question 13

can mold a group’s reaction

Answer 13

Reinforcement

Question 14

Human reactions and behaviors seem to be extremely ___

Answer 14

manipulable

Question 15

Skinner’s view is clearly ___

Answer 15

Deterministic

Question 16

His stimulus-response theory is a matter of cause and effect. In his experiment, the reaction of any organism to stimuli is a result of ___ ___

Answer 16

Controlled behavior

Question 17

He explains that it would seem that determinism as a scientific method has a great deal to offer us in helping us understand how one’s historicity influences one’s behavior.

Answer 17

John Kavanaugh

Question 18

Man’s absolute freedom or his capacity to make choices, according to Sartre’s view is his ____

Answer 18

identity

Question 19

Man’s ____ _____ or his capacity to make choices, according to this view is his identity

Answer 19

absolute freedom

Question 20

Makes the human situation as its starting point

Answer 20

Existentialism

Question 21

In order to answer this, Sartre mentions in Being and Nothingness the three types of being

Answer 21

Is man free to do everything he wants?

Question 22

Three types of being

Answer 22

En-soi, pour-soi, pour-autrui

Question 23

In itself

Answer 23

En-soi

Question 24

for itself

Answer 24

pour-soi

Question 25

for others

Answer 25

pour-autrui

Question 26

Refers to that which is static and self-contained

Answer 26

being-in-itself

Question 27

Is truly dynamic and reflexive. It is not fixed

Answer 27

being-for-itself

Question 28

Man has a ____

Answer 28

choice

Question 29

Constitutes the individual’s dignity as a person

Answer 29

Free Choice

Question 30

Without taking any risk, there is __ ____ for man

Answer 30

no future

Question 31

Creates not only for his individuality but the individuality of the whole humanity.

Answer 31

Man

Question 32

Is one that all of us must accomplish with a deep sense of anguish, for in this finite act we are responsible not only for ourselves but also for others

Answer 32

act of choosing

Question 33

This is doing the right thing and exercising our freedom in a responsible manner

Answer 33

Positive Freedom

Question 34

It is considered negative because you failed to use freedom in a responsible manner

Answer 34

Negative Freedom

Question 35

For Kavanaugh, our __ __ helps determine the meaning of one’s life

Answer 35

Social Existence

Question 36

He argues that there is no unencumbered self.

Answer 36

Michael Sandel

Question 37

Kavanaugh maintains that “often the values which emerge from one’s own happiness will be quite close to the values and structured systems imposed by the ___ ___ of other human beings who are already here before us.

Answer 37

status quo

Question 38

Being a ___ means being in search for that authentic self

Answer 38

subject

Question 39

It is freedom. The essential meaning of this is that the person possesses the intrinsic capacity to look into the core of his being and ask himself questions about the truth of his life

Answer 39

Subjectivity

Question 40

The __ __ ____ on the part of others may misconstrue the condition of human finitude

Answer 40

act of resignation

Question 41

For the French philosopher, ___ ___, absurdity is the confrontation between two ideals.

Answer 41

Albert Camus

Question 42

Is the confrontation between two ideals. Man’s is thus confronted by clarity, on one hand, and the cold, uncaring universe on the other.

Answer 42

Absurdity

Question 43

The only way forward is for man to actually make a choice. Name the three choice.

Answer 43

Suicide, a leap of faith, or recognition

Question 44

In ____, one simply chooses an easy way out.

Answer 44

suicide

Question 45

A ___ __ ___ for Camus is just a way of escaping the absurd. It defies human rationality and simple defers to abstraction. It mutes personal experience.

Answer 45

leap of faith

Question 46

The only authentic course for man, Camus maintains, is the _____ of his own absurd condition.

Answer 46

recognition

Question 47

The only way out for a man is this:

Answer 47

to think, to choose, and to decide for oneself