LESSON 5 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Pre- Colonial Times in the Philippines
Used herbal medicines
• For trading, used writing, numerical,
measurement, and calendar systems
• Developed livelihood skills such as
farming, fishing, ship-building ,
mining minerals and weaving for
clothing
• Made majestic architectural designs
like the Banaue rice terraces of
Ifugao
S&T During the Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1898)
Established formal education and
launched scientific organizations
• Schools were mandated to teach
religion, mathematics, reading and
writing, and music and arts
• Health and sanitation as well as
medicine and biology were also taught
University of Santo Tomas
www.rappler.com
• Trained the natives to use innovative
approaches in farming
• Engineering was introduced and
developed to construct buildings,
churches, bridges, roads and forts
• Trade was prioritized due to possible
bigger profits
The former Laboratorio Municipal was
replaced by the Bureau of Government
Laboratories under the Department of Interior.
• The Bureau was established for the purpose of
studying tropical diseases and other related
research projects.
• In 1905, the Bureau was changed to
the Bureau of Science, which became the main
research center of the Philippines
• In 1933, the National Research Council of the
Philippines was established.
• Developments focused on agriculture,
medicine and pharmacy, food processing and
forestry
• In 1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced by
the Institute of Science
S&T During the American Regime (1898-1946)
President Marcos mandated the Department of
Education to promote science courses in public
high schools
• Granted additional budget for research projects in
applied sciences and science education
• Allocated funds for private universities and
colleges for the creation of courses related to S&T
and to promote research
• The 35-hectare lot in Bicutan, Taguig was
proclaimed in 1968 as the Philippine Science
Department of Science and Tec
DO
commons.wikimedia.orgCommunity (now DOST site)
• Seminars, workshops, training programs and
scholarships on fisheries and oceanography were
sponsored by the government
President Ferdinand Marcos Administration (1965-1986)
• In 1986, President Corazon Aquino renamed the
National Science and Technology Authority to
the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) for S&T to be represented in the cabinet
• Strengthened S&T to be part of the nation’s
sustainable economic recovery and growth
• Created S&T Master Plan aimed to update the
production sector, improve research activities,
and develop infrastructures for the S&T sector
Former Pres. Corazon C. Aquino
• Upgraded the R&D Plan to determine research
philnews.phareas of priority based on local materials,
likelihood of success, potential of product to be
exported, and its tactical nature
President Corazon Aquino’s Administration (1986-1992)
In 1998, during the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos,
the Philippines had approximately 3,000 competent
scientists and engineers.
• The “Doctors to the Barrio” Program brought an
improvement of life expectancy from 67.5 years to
69.1 years between 1992 to 1995.
• Incentives were given to people who played
significant roles in S&T.
• The National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in
S&T was created.
en.wikipedia.org• Mandated Republic Act (RA) No. 8439: Magna Carta
for S&T Personnel; RA No. 7687: S&T Scholarship
Act of 1994; RA No. 7459: Inventors and Inventions
Incentives Act; and RA No. 8293: The Intellectual
Property Code of the Philippines.
President Joseph Estrada’s A
President Fidel Ramos’ Administration (1992-1998)
President Joseph Estrada signed and
mandated RA No. 8749: The Philippine
Clean Air Act of 1999 and RA No. 8792:
Electronic Commerce Act of 2000.
• He was also responsible in implementing
cost-effective irrigation technologies and
providing basic health care, nutrition, and
education for those could not afford.
• He also laid down a 15-year modernization
program of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines.
President Joseph Estrada’s Administration (1998-2001)
During the administration of President Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo, Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) was
developed to strengthen the educational system and to help
the poor.
• “Filipinnovation” was coined that aimed to make the
Philippines an innovation hub in Asia.
• She promulgated RA No. 9367: Biofuels Act to utilize
indigenous materials as sources of energy while having
cleaner emissions.
• The farmers were encouraged to use rice that can withstand
environmental hazards.
• RA No. 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization
(AFMech) Law was also passed to modernize agricultural and
fisheries machinery and equipment.
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010
During the administration of President Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo, Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) was
developed to strengthen the educational system and to help
the poor.
• “Filipinnovation” was coined that aimed to make the
Philippines an innovation hub in Asia.
• She promulgated RA No. 9367: Biofuels Act to utilize
indigenous materials as sources of energy while having
cleaner emissions.
• The farmers were encouraged to use rice that can withstand
environmental hazards.
• RA No. 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization
(AFMech) Law was also passed to modernize agricultural and
fisheries machinery and equipment.
In 2014, President Benigno Aquino III conferred
new National Scientists:
• Gavino C. Trono for Marine Biology,
studied seaweed species
• Angel C. Alcala for Biological Science,
pioneered on coral reefs
• Ramon C. Barba for Horticulture, changed
the seasonal supply of mangoes
• Edgardo D. Gomez for Marine Biology,
spearheaded the assessment of damaged
coral reefs and their conservation
President Benigno Aquino’s Administration (2010-2016)
President Rodrigo R. Duterte prioritized S&T by
increasing the budget for R&D to nearly six times over
the same period.
• He backed up the formulation of programs and policies
that will aid in shaping the country.
• “Science for the People” programs were strengthened.
• DOST helped transfer technology and put R&D results
into commercialization gaining 1,000 new intellectual
properties in only a year.
• The Philippine Space Technology Program launched
Diwata-2 in 2018, after the launching of Diwata-1, in
2016, that displayed the Philippine flag in space.
• The current administration also gives importance on
agriculture and disaster preparedness.
President Rodrigo Duterte (2016-2022)
S&T Effects on Society and the Environment & Vice Versa
Mechanization of farming is necessary for agriculture.
• Water pumps and sprinkler cope with the damaging heat
caused by the changing climate and weather.
• GMO crops are produced which grow faster and are more
resistant to pests and diseases.
• Fertilizers that increase nutrients in the soil enhance the
growth of the crops and produce high-quality yields.
• Transportation by land, air, and sea are improved.
• There is better communication thru radio, television,
internet, and social media.
• The learning process and quality education are enhanced.
• Visual learning and on line learning are also enhanced.
Adverse impacts:
• Resource depletion
• Increasing wastes generated and emitted as these
technologies are developed, and eventually when
the products are disposed
• S&T has also increased our population.
– Advanced birth control methods may help
balance population and the resources, but only
in developed countries.
– In developing countries, there is less control on
birth rate; mortality rate is high; resources like
food are scarce; and health and sanitation are
also poor.
Resource depletion and pollution
news.mb.com.ph
Poor sanitation
www.wpro.who.int
Filipino P
S&T Effects on Society and the Environment & Vice Versa
Filipino Philosophical Point of Views
Gripaldo (2007) believed that Philosophy needs:
– clarification of meaning for intrinsic good
– application so as to get its extrinsic good or the introduction of a concrete
solution to an identified problem
– coincidence with Aristotelian fashion, both epistemic (basic concepts of natural
sciences) and phronetic (aspects of philosophy)
• S&T is a means to address public good:
– benefiting both individually and socially the largest number of the local or
national population
– consideration of individual interests build unity and subsidiarity, which is working
together for the common good
– government must exercise utilitarian perspective that a development project or a
government service like education, public health, transportation, infrastructure,
military defense and other social services must promote common welfare of the
population
