Lesson 5: Introduction To Macromolecules And Carbohydrates Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is biochemistry
The study of chemicals of life and how they interact
What makes a molecule organic
It must contain carbon
How many covalent bonds can form
Four
What are large organic molecules called?
Macromolecules or polymers
What are the four major types of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid
What are the building blocks of polymers?
Monomers
What elements does carbon commonly bond with?
Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
What is an example of a simple carbon compound
Methane CH four
What structures can carbon form?
Long chains and ring structures
True, or false carbon can bond with itself to form strong structures
True, it makes it very versatile
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
They provide a primary source of energy for cells and serve as a structural material in plant cell walls
What is the main function of lipids?
They provide long-term energy storage, make up cell membranes and include steroid hormones
What are proteins used for in the body?
They serve as a structural component of cells and functions as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions
What is the role of nucleic acids?
They store and regulate genetic information like DNA and RNA
What is a polymer?
A large molecule made up of repeating subunits called monomers
What are monomers
The small building blocks that make up polymers
What is dehydration synthesis?
A process that forms large molecules [polymers] by joining small molecules [monomers] while removing water
How does dehydration synthesis work?
One monomer loses an H plus another loses an 08 minus and together they form water, which is removed from the reaction the monomers than bond to form a polymer
What is an example of a polymer formed by dehydration synthesis
Proteins, which are made by linking amino acids into polypeptides
What is hydrolysis?
It is the process of breaking down, polymers by adding water
How does hydrolysis work?
Water is added to a polymer breaking it down into two monomers one monomer takes and OH negative and the other takes an H positive
What enzymes are involved in hydrolysis?
Hydraulic enzymes break down polymers in the hydrolysis
What is the opposite of hydrolysis?
Dehydration synthesis, which bills power mode by removing water
What happens during hydrolysis at the molecular level?
What are splits the polymer adding an overage to 11 number?
