Lesson 5 - IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses Flashcards
(27 cards)
classful mask
A classful mask is the default subnet mask applied to Class A, B, and C IPv4 networks. Specifically, Class A networks have a classful mask of 255.0.0.0, Class B networks have a classful mask of 255.255.0.0, and Class C networks have a classful mask of 255.255.255.0
private IP addresses
Specific Class A, B, and C networks have been designed for private use. Although these networks are routable (with the exception of the 169.254.0.0–169.254.255.255 address range), within the organization, service providers do not route these private networks over the public Internet
loopback
A loopback interface on a network device is a logical (virtual) interface that is often used for testing purposes.
octet
A grouping of 8 bits. An IPv4 address consists of four octets (that is, a total of 32 bits).
prefix notation
A method of indicating how many bits are in a subnet mask. For example, /24 is prefix notation for a 24-bit subnet mask. Prefix notation is also known as slash notation.
slash notation
See Prefix notation
dotted-decimal notation
A method of writing an IPv4 address or subnet mask, where groups of 8 bits (called octets) are separated by periods.
subnet mask
A 32-bit value (in IPv4) that indicates what portion of the IP address is the network ID versus what portion is the host ID.
default gateway
The IP address of a router (or multilayer switch) to which a networked device sends traffic destined for a subnet other than the device’s local subnet.
variable-length subnet masking (VLSM)
The process of assigning various subnetwork IDs in the network to issue the appropriate number of IP addresses
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
A legacy broadcast-based protocol used by networked devices to obtain IP address information.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Dynamically assigns IP address information (for example, IP address, subnet mask, DNS server’s IP address, and default gateway’s IP address) to network devices
Zeroconf
A technology that performs three basic functions: assigning link-local IP addresses, resolving computer names to IP addresses, and locating network services.
link-local IP address
A link-local IP address is a nonroutable IP address usable only on a local subnet.
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
Allows a networked device to self-assign an IP address from the 169.254.0.0/16 network. Note that this address is only usable on the device’s local subnet (meaning that the IP address is not routable).
borrowed bits
Bits added to a classful subnet mask.
block size
The number of IP addresses in a subnet, including the subnet’s address and the subnet’s directed broadcast address
classless interdomain routing (CIDR)
Shortens a classful subnet mask by removing right-justified 1s from a classful mask. As a result, CIDR allows contiguous classful networks to be aggregated. This process is sometimes called route aggregation
unicast
A unicast communication flow is a one-to-one flow.
multicast
A multicast communication flow is a one-to-many flow.
anycast
An anycast communication flow is a one-to-nearest (from the perspective of a router’s routing table) flow
tunneling
Transmitting traffic with additional encapsulation.
dual stack
The ability of a network interface to run multiple protocols, such as IP and IPv6
router advertisement
Routers advertise their presence together with various link and Internet parameters, either periodically or in response to a Router Solicitation message
