Lesson 5 - Muscle Physiology

Question 1

This type of muscle controls movement, posture, and protection

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle

Question 2

This type of muscle encompasses the heart

Answer 2

Cardiac muscle

Question 3

This type of muscle has varying functions in the gastrointestinal, reproductive, urinary, vascular, and respiratory systems

Answer 3

Smooth muscles

Question 4

Striated due to the presence of actin and myosin

Answer 4

Skeletal muscle

Question 5

Non-striated

Answer 5

Smooth muscle

Question 6

Striated with the presence of intercalated discs

Answer 6

Cardiac muscles

Question 7

What are the functions of skeletal muscles?

Answer 7

1. Locomotion and breathing
2. Postural support
3. Protection
4. Communication (facial muscles)
5. Eating (muscles of mastication)
6. Heat production (shivering)

Question 8

A term used for muscle cells

Answer 8

Myocytes

Question 9

The cell membrane of a muscle is…

Answer 9

Sarcolemma

Question 10

The cytoplasm of a muscle is referred to as ___________

Answer 10

Sarcoplasm

Question 11

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Muscle fibers are also called

Answer 12

Myofibrils

Question 13

Myofibrils are wrapped together by a connective tissue called _____________

Answer 13

Endomysium

Question 14

Individual bundles of muscle fibers are called ____________

Answer 14

Fascicle

Question 15

A single fascicle is surrounded by ______________

Answer 15

Perimysium

Question 16

Multiple fascicles are bundled by ______________

Answer 16

Epimysium

Question 17

Muscles are bound to the bone through ______________

Answer 17

Tendons

Question 18

Undifferentiated cells that give rise to myocytes

Answer 18

Myoblasts

Question 19

The unit of a muscle is ______________

Answer 19

Sarcomere

Question 20

What are the two types of myofilaments that make up sarcomeres?

Answer 20

Actin and Myosin

Question 21

These are thin filaments that are also called the I-bands.

Answer 21

Actin

Question 22

These are thick filaments that are also called the A-bands.

Answer 22

Myosin

Question 23

What is the RMP of Muscle Action Potential?

Answer 23

-90 mV, producing a single muscle twitch

Question 24

What is the RMP of Nerve Action Potential?

Answer 24

-70 mV, having a velocity much faster than in muscle action potential

Question 25

True or False: When one motor neuron stimulates several muscle fibers, an action potential from this single motor neuron will stimulate ALL the muscle fibers it innervates

Answer 25

True

Question 26

This assists in the events of cross-bridge cycling that drives muscle contraction.

Answer 26

Calcium

Question 27

True or False: Without excitation there is NO contraction

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Single stimulus which is followed by a latent period, contraction, period, and relaxation period

Answer 28

Single twitch

Question 29

Additive effect of frequent stimuli and contractions to produce increased muscle tension

Answer 29

Summation

Question 30

Muscle tension is at a maximum and will not increase even with repeated stimulus

Answer 30

Tetanus

Question 31

Lack of response due to prolonged or strong stimulations

Answer 31

Muscle fatigue