Lesson 9 - Respiratory Physiology

Question 1

What organs are part of the upper airways?

Answer 1

Nose, sinuses, and larynx

Question 2

What organs are part of the lower airways?

Answer 2

Trachea, bronchi, and alveoli

Question 3

This is the part of the respiratory system that conducts air and is not involved in gas exchange

Answer 3

Conducting zone

Question 4

This is part of the respiratory system that is involved in gas exchange

Answer 4

Respiratory zone

Question 5

This is the area wherein gas exchange does not occur

Answer 5

Dead space

Question 6

The anatomic dead space holds the parts involved in the __________ zone (from the nose to the terminal bronchioles)

Answer 6

Conducting

Question 7

The alveolar dead space is the part involved in the __________ zone that does not undergo gas exchange due to lung disease

Answer 7

Respiratory

Question 8

The anatomic dead space and alveolar dead space combined yields the __________.

Answer 8

Physiologic Dead Space

Question 9

What is the functional anatomic unit of the lung?

Answer 9

Bronchopulmonary segments

Question 10

It is the main muscle involved in breathing.

Answer 10

Diaphragm

Question 11

What shape is the diaphragm and what does it do?

Answer 11

It is dome-shaped and it separates the thorax from the abdomen.

Question 12

During __________, the diaphragm increases the volume of the chest → intrathoracic pressure falls (becomes more negative) → air flows into the lungs

Answer 12

Inspiration

Question 13

During __________, the diaphragm relaxes → intrathoracic pressure increases (becomes more positive) → air flows out of the lung

Answer 13

Expiration

Question 14

These muscles are used by the body in moments of air hunger

Answer 14

Accessory muscles

Question 15

What part of the brain is known as the respiratory center of the body?

Answer 15

Medulla oblongata

Question 16

The respiratory system __________ blood coming from the right ventricle of the heart through the pulmonary artery

Answer 16

Oxygenates

Question 17

It helps with the __________ of sounds.

Answer 17

Vocalization

Question 18

TRUE OR FALSE: The respiratory system has metabolic capabilities.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Location of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) which helps in __________

Answer 19

Blood pressure regulation

Question 20

The respiratory system helps in the maintenance of the __________ balance.

Answer 20

Acid-Base

Question 21

This prevents and expels foreign objects before reaching the lungs

Answer 21

Mucociliary clearance system

Question 22

The respiratory system does this because dry air can damage the respiratory lining.

Answer 22

Humidifies air

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE: The respiratory system may act as immune defense.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

This is the site of gas exchange.

Answer 24

Alveoli

Question 25

This holds 96-98% of the surface area and is used for gas exchange.

Answer 25

Type I Pneumocyte

Question 26

This produces surfactant which decreases surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse.

Answer 26

Type II Pneumocyte

Question 27

What is the main component of the surfactant in Type II Pneumocyte?

Answer 27

Di-palmityl-phosphatidyl-choline

Question 28

This is also known as breathing.

Answer 28

Respiration

Question 29

What are the 5 steps in respiration?

Answer 29

1. Pulmonary Ventilation 2. Gas exchange of O2 and CO2 3. Gas transport of O2 and CO2 4. Gas exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by diffusion 5. Cellular respiration

Question 30

This involves the exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli

Answer 30

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 31

This involves the cellular utilization of O2 and production of CO2

Answer 31

Cellular respiration

Question 32

This is one of the most commonly used approaches to test pulmonary function

Answer 32

Spirometry

Question 33

It is the volume of air that can be expired in the first second of a forced maximal expiration

Answer 33

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)

Question 34

The FEV1 is normally 80% of the forced vital capacity.

Answer 34

FEV1/FVC = 0.8

Question 35

Which two lung volumes cannot be measured by spirometry?

Answer 35

Residual Volume (RV) & Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Question 36

This is the volume inspired and expired in a normal breath

Answer 36

Tidal volume

Question 37

This is the volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume (Used in exercise)

Answer 37

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Question 38

This is the volume that can be expired after the expiration of tidal volume

Answer 38

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Question 39

This is the volume that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration (after ERV)

Answer 39

Residual Volume (RV)

Question 40

How is inspiratory capacity (IC) calculated?

Answer 40

TV + IRV

Question 41

How is the vital capacity (VC) calculated?

Answer 41

TV + IRV + ERV

Question 42

It is the volume that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration

Answer 42

Vital Capacity (VC)

Question 43

It is the volume in the lungs after a TV is expired

Answer 43

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Question 44

How do you get the functional residual capacity?

Answer 44

ERV + RV

Question 45

This is referred to as the total lung volume

Answer 45

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Question 46

What is the total lung volume?

Answer 46

6 L