Lesson 5 - Operating Systems Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
The 3 main parts a computer consists of
A
- Hardware
- Firmware
- Software
2
Q
What is hardware?
A
Physical components of a computer system that have a defined shape
3
Q
What is firmware?
A
The booting instructions stored in the ROM
4
Q
Explain the booting process, step by step
A
- The user turns on the computer
2.BIOS is activated - The first program, POST is activated and with the CMOS, all hardware is checked to ensure whether they are functioning properly
- THe MBR is read in boot drive alongside the bootsrap loader (which is a firmware)
- The Operating System is loaded in boot drive to the RAM
- The Operating System takes control and the UI is displayed
5
Q
What does BIOS stand for?
A
Basic Input Output System
6
Q
What does POST stand for?
A
Power On Self-Test
7
Q
What does MBR stand for?
A
Master Boot Record
8
Q
What does CMOS stand for?
A
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
9
Q
Simply, what is the booting process?
A
The process in which the Operating System is loaded into the RAM
10
Q
What is Software?
A
A set of instructions given to the computer to perform activities
11
Q
The 2 main divisions of Software
A
- System Software
- Application Software
12
Q
Give 5 examples for Application Software
A
- Word Processing
- Spreadsheets
- Databases
- Computer Games
- Web Browsers
13
Q
The 3 divisions of System Software
A
- Operating System
- Utility Software
- Language Translators
14
Q
3 examples for language translators
A
- Assembler
- Compiler
- Interpreter
15
Q
What does the Operating System do?
A
It allows the user to utilize the computer’s functions by managing its hardware and software
16
Q
What is utility software used for?
A
To manage and analyze the software of a computer system
17
Q
2 examples of utility sotware
A
- Anti-virus software
- Disk formatting
18
Q
What do language translators do?
A
Converts high level languages into machine language which the computer can understand
18
Q
What do language translators do?
A
Converts high level languages into machine language which the computer can understand
19
Q
Name 4 uses of application software
A
- Creating documents
- Mathematical functions
- Data entry
- Playing computer games
20
Q
What is the Operating System
A
The software which facilitates interation between the human user and hardware
21
Q
Installation and management of Application software is done by ……..
A
The Operating System
22
Q
5 examples for Operating Systems
A
- Microsoft Windows
- Apple Macintosh
- Ubuntu
- Android
- Hanthana Linux
23
Q
What is proprietary software?
A
Licensed software which require payment for use
24
Name 2 proprietary Operating Systems
1. Microsoft Windows
2. Apple Mac
25
Who developed Microsoft Windows?
The Microsoft Corporation
26
Name 5 editions of Microsoft Windows
1. Windows XP
2. Windows vista
3. Windows 7
4. Windows 8
5. MS Windows Server (server edition)
27
Name 5 editions of Microsoft Windows
1. Windows XP
2. Windows vista
3. Windows 7
4. Windows 8
5. MS Windows Server (server edition)
28
What is the Operating System developed by Microsoft for mobile devices?
Windows Mobile
29
Who developed Apple Macintosh?
Apple Incorporation
30
Name a software that can only be used in a ceratin kind of computer
Apple Macintosh
31
What was Ubuntu based on?
Linux Operating System
32
Who developed Android Operating System?
Google
33
Android was mainly used on ......
Mobile devices
34
What was Hanthana Linux based on?
Linux Operating System
35
4 types of Operating Systems
1. Single user operating systems
2. Multi-user operating systems
3. Multi-tasking operating systems
4. Real Time operating systems
36
What is a single user operating system?
An OS providing service to one person at one time
37
An example of a single user operating system
MS Dos
38
What is a Multi user operating system
An OS providing service to multiple users at a time
39
2 Examples of multi user operating systems
1. Linux
2. Windows Server
40
What is a multi tasking operating system?
An OS which can run multiple processes at a time
41
4 examples for multi tasking operating systems
1. Windows 7
2. Windows 8
3. Ubuntu
4. Mac
42
What is a real time operating system?
An OS which provides output with no observable delay
43
2 examples for real time operating systems
1. ATM
2. Calculator
44
The 2 main services of an Operating System
1. Managing hardware
2. Providing a UI
45
6 processes of hardware management by the OS
Management of,
1. Processes
2. Memory
3. Devices
4. Files
5. Security
6. Network
46
Where are input data stored before being transferred to the CPU?
In the RAM
47
What are device controllers used for?
Controlling peripheral devices
48
What are device drivers used for?
Controlling software components
49
Name 6 services provided by the OS in managing files
1. Making new files and saving them in sutiable locations
2. Deleting unnecessary files
3. Arranging folders and deleting unnecessary folders
4. Renaming files and folders
5. Changing storage locations of files and folders
6. Creating backup files and folders
| Handing file properties, file operations, file access and file systems
50
The 2 methods of accessing files
1. Sequential access
2. Random access
51
What is the purpose of a User Interface?
To simplify human interaction with computers in a user-friendly manner
52
2 types of UI's
1. Command Line Interface (CLI)
2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
53
Where are commands inputted in the CLI?
In the Prompt
54
What is the abbreviation given to the four components in the GUI?
WIMP
55
What are the 4 componenets of WIMP?
1. W - Windows
2. I - Icons
3. M - Menus
4. P - Pointer
56
Name 13 utility programs of an OS
1. Backup software
2. Disk scanner
3. Disk defragmentation
4. File/data compression
5. Task Manager
6. System diagnosis tools
7. Anti-virus software
8. Clipboard
9. Data synchronization
10. Disk partitioning software
11. Screensavers
12. System profiles
13. Network utilities
57
What is disk partitioning?
The division of the hard drive into several logical sections/partitions
58
3 instances where partitioning could take place
1. When configuring a hard disk for the first time
2. When adding a new hard disk
3. When a hard disk is replaced with a new one
59
What would happen if a partitioned hard disk is partitioned again?
All of its data could get deleted
60
3 reasons for partitioning
1. Saving different items in different places
2. Having more than one OS
3. Meeting requirements of the OS
61
What would be the name given to all partitions, multimedia drives, flash drives etc. in the Linux environment?
Directories
62
After partitioning, what must be done to use the computer again?
Format each drive individually
63
What is formatting?
The process of preparing a storage device for data storing
64
Name a device which comes pre-formatted?
USB Flash Drives
65
Name a device which comes pre-formatted?
USB Flash Drives
66
What happens to the data after formatting is performed?
The data would be deleted
67
What is fragmentation?
A file which is too large to be stored in a single track of the hard disk being stored in dfferent locations of it
68
What is disk defragmentation
The arranging of fragmented data on a volume making it work more efficiently
69
Why is there low possibility of fragmentation in Linux based OS's?
Because space is left between saved files which can be used when files expand due to editting and files can be relocated if the space limit is exceeded
70
What are the two main components of a file name?
1. File name
2. File extension
71
The step by step process of seeing file extensions
Start > Control Panel > Folder Options >
View > Hide Extensions for known file types >
untick > Click OK
72
What is the symbol that seperates the file name and the file extension?
The fullstop (.)
73
Name 5 file extensions with their respective file types
1. exe - executable
2. docx - Word
3. xlsx - Excel
4. pptx - Powerpoint
5. accdb - Access
74
If a pen drive was connected to the computer, what would be the label of it?
[K:]
