Lesson 5d. Bilateral Acoelomates

Question 1

Animals that seek food, shelter, home sites, and nates require a different set of strategies and radially symmetrical sessile

Answer 1

Phylum platyhelminthes: flatworms

Question 2

An evolution that has concentrating sense organs in the head region

Answer 2

Cephalization

Question 3

Evolution that says it is divided along only 1 plane of symmetry to yield 2 mirror image

Answer 3

Bilateral symmetry

Question 4

Only one internal space, the digestive cavity, without coelom

Answer 4

Acoelomates

Question 5

Have 3 germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm)

Answer 5

Triploblastic

Question 6

The blastopore becomes the mouth

Answer 6

Protostomes

Question 7

It has one opening

Answer 7

Incomplete gut

Question 8

Mm to m in length, some free living, others parasitic

Answer 8

Phylum platyhelminthes

Question 9

3 class of platyhelminthes

Answer 9

Class trematoda, cestoda, turbellaria

Question 10

Free living forms, most are bottom dwellers in marine/freshwater

Answer 10

Class turbellaria

Question 11

Found in streams, pool, and hot springs

Answer 11

Freshwater planarians

Question 12

They are limited to moist places

Answer 12

Terrestrial flatworms

Question 13

Most turbellaria have ____, ciliated ___ on the basement membrane

Answer 13

Cellular
Epidermis

Question 14

Most turbellarians have ______

Answer 14

Dual-gland adhesive organs

Question 15

Fasten microvilli of other cells to substrate

Answer 15

Viscid gland cells

Question 16

Secretion of ___ provides a quick chemical detachment

Answer 16

Gland cells

Question 17

Carnivorous and detect food by chemoreceptors

Answer 17

Planaria

Question 18

Wrap themselves around prey and extend the pharynx to suck up food

Answer 18

Planaria

Question 19

Feed on host cells, cellular debris, and body flyids

Answer 19

Trematodes (parasitic flukes)

Question 20

Rely on hosts digestive tract and absorb digested nutrients

Answer 20

Cestodes(tapeworm)

Question 21

Flatworms have a kidney called____, used for osmoregulation

Answer 21

Protonephridia

Question 22

It resembles nerve net of cnidarians

Answer 22

Subepidermal nerve plexus

Question 23

Bilobed cerebral ganglion (mass of nerve cells) anterior to the ventral nerve cords

Answer 23

Brain

Question 24

Sense organ: present in turbellarians, and larval trematodes, light-sensitive eyespots

Answer 24

Ocelli

Question 25

Sense organ: abundant

Answer 25

Tactile and chemoreceptive cells

Question 26

Sense organ: equilibrium and sense of direction of water current

Answer 26

Statocysts and rheoreceptors

Question 27

Many turbellarians constrict behind the pharynx and separate into two animals, each half regenerates the missing part

Answer 27

Fission

Question 28

If tail/head are cut off, each grows the missing parts; it retains polarity

Answer 28

Regeneration

Question 29

Nearly all turbellarians are monoecious but they ____

Answer 29

Cross-fertilize

Question 30

One or more testes are connected to one vas deferens (runs to a seminal vesicle)

Answer 30

Male structure

Question 31

Nipple-like penis or extensible tentacles

Answer 31

Copulatory organ

Question 32

Develop male and female organs opening at a common pore

Answer 32

Turbellarians

Question 33

Free-living, range from 5mm -50 cm, move by cilia, glide over a slime track secreted by adhesive glands

Answer 33

Class turbellaria

Question 34

Parasitic flukes, resembles turbellaria but the tegument (skin) lacks cilia in adults, sense organs are poorly developed

Answer 34

Class trematoda

Question 35

Trematoda life cycle

Answer 35

Egg- definitive host- miracidium- sporocyst- rediae- cercariae- metacercaria

Question 36

Free swimming ciliated larva

Answer 36

Miracidium

Question 37

Juvenile flukes

Answer 37

Metacercaria

Question 38

Adult flukes live in bile passageways in the liver of sheep

Answer 38

Sheep liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica *italicized)

Question 39

Process of sheep liver fluke

Answer 39

Egg Passed in feces Miracidia enters the snail Becomes sporocysts Two generations of rediae Cercariae encyst on vegetation Metacercaria, when eaten

Question 40

MOst important han liver fluke

Answer 40

Clonorchis sinensis (italicized

Question 41

It is common in china Japan southeast Asia (bicol)

Answer 41

Clonorchis sinensis (italicized): human liver fluke

Question 42

Also infects cats, dogs, pigs, 10-20mm long with oral and ventral sucker (adult)

Answer 42

Clonorchis sinensis (italicized): human liver fluke

Question 43

Clonorchis life cycle

Answer 43

Adults live in bile passageway Egg completes miracidium Eaten by snail to form sporocyst Produce rediae Turns to tadpole-like cercariae Metacercariae cyst Cyst goes to the bile duct

Question 44

How to control human liver fluke

Answer 44

Destroy snails and thoroughly cook fish

Question 45

This are blood flukes

Answer 45

Schistosoma

Question 46

Over 200 million people infested with ____ which is common in africa, south America, west indies, middle and far east

Answer 46

Schistosomiasis (italicized)

Question 47

It has separate sexes with 3 species varied with location;

Answer 47

Schistosoma -large intestine -small intestine -urinary bladder

Question 48

Schistosoma life cycle

Answer 48

Egg discharged in feces/urine Hatch as a ciliated miracidia Snail transforms it to sporocyst Produce cercariae Penetrates the skin Enters blood vessels to hepatic portal blood vessels Develop in the liver

Question 49

Eggs that remain behind become center of

Answer 49

Inflammation

Question 50

How to control blood flukes

Answer 50

Proper disposal of human wastes

Question 51

A swimmer's itch that occurs when cercariae penetrate an unsuitable host causing inflammation or itch

Answer 51

Schistosoma dermatitis

Question 52

Its normal host many be bird or others

Answer 52

Schistosoma dermatitis

Question 53

In class cestoda, these have long flat bodies with scolex

Answer 53

Tapeworms

Question 54

Holdfast structure with suckers and hooks

Answer 54

Scolex

Question 55

Scolex is followed by a linear series of reproductive units or

Answer 55

Proglottids

Question 56

They lack digestive system and sensory organs except for cilia

Answer 56

Class cestoda

Question 57

______ is has no cilia

Answer 57

Tegument

Question 58

Entire surface of cestodes is covered with ____ similar to microvilli seen in intestines

Answer 58

Projection (microtriches)

Question 59

Increases the surface area for food absorption

Answer 59

Microtriches

Question 60

Require two host which adult is parasitic in the digestive tract

Answer 60

Class cestoda

Question 61

How many species of tapeworms are known

Answer 61

1000 species

Question 62

Most do little harm to host

Answer 62

Tapeworms

Question 63

It is a beef tapeworm

Answer 63

Taenia saginata (italicized)

Question 64

Lives as an adult in digestive canals of human, juvenile form found in intermuscular tissue of ______

Answer 64

Taenia saginata (italicized) Cattle

Question 65

______ has 4suckers but no hooks _______ pass in feces, single ______ rupture as they dry

Answer 65

Scolex Gravid proglottids (with shelled, infective larvae Proglottids

Question 66

Beef tapeworm life cycle

Answer 66

Cattle swallow larvae hatch as oncospheres Oncospheres use hooks to burrow in intestinal wall Encyst to become bladder worms Meat is eaten, cyst wall dissolves Scolex invaginates to attach to intestinal wall New proglottids develop in 2-3weeks

Question 67

How to avoid beef tapeworm

Answer 67

Eat only thoroughly cooked beef

Question 68

Pork tapeworm

Answer 68

Taenia solium (italicized)

Question 69

Fish tapeworm

Answer 69

Diphyllobothrium latum(italicized)

Question 70

Unicellular hydatid

Answer 70

Echinococcus granulosus (italicized)