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Russia Unit 2 > Lesson 6-How successful was the economic recovery of the Soviet Union after the Second World War? > Flashcards

Lesson 6-How successful was the economic recovery of the Soviet Union after the Second World War? Flashcards

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1
Q

What factors helped Russia win the war?

A

Centralisation of the economy

Re-location of factories

Increase in industrial output

Imports from other countries under Lend-lease

Conscription of men

Requisitioning of animals

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2
Q

What are the 4 things through which Stalin reconstructed Russia?

A

Fourth FYP

Fifth FYP

Prestige projects

Agriculture

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3
Q

Define ‘The Cold War’.

A

Term given to the deterioration in relations between the USSR and the West, led by the USA and Britain.

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4
Q

Between what years did the USA’s and Britain’s war-time alliance break down?

A

1945-1949

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5
Q

Until what year did the Cold War continue?

A

1991

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6
Q

What are some of Stalin’s prestige projects?

A

Dnieper Dam

White Sea Canal

Volga-Don Canal

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7
Q

When was the German invasion of the Soviet Union?

A

22nd June 1941

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8
Q

What did the Stalinist system prove to be effective in doing for the war?

A

Mobilising

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9
Q

How did the Stalinist system prove to be effective in mobilising for the war?

A

Factories turned to producing war materials and were evacuated to safer areas away from German invasions.

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10
Q

Despite initial collapse in industrial output, production rose impressively after 1941.
True or false?

A

True

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11
Q

Between 1943 and 1945, how many tanks and aircrafts were produced?

A

73,000 tanks
94,000 aircraft

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12
Q

During the war, what product was imported from Britain with inferred payment (will pay later)?

A

Spam

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13
Q

During the war, the production of consumer goods increased greatly.
True or false?

A

False-It became virtually non-existent.

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14
Q

By the end of the war, what had damage in Nazi-occupied areas reduced?

A

Overall production e.g., in steel, oil and wool

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15
Q

What had steel production fallen to in 1945 compared to 1940?

A

1940 = 18 million tonnes produced

1945 = 12 million tonnes produced

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16
Q

What percentage of wool was being produced after the war in comparison to in 1940?

A

Less than half of the wool produced in 1940 was being produced after the war

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17
Q

How much oil was being produced after the war?

A

Less than 2/3 of the amount in 1940

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18
Q

Why was agricultural production reduced during the war?

A

Most able bodied farmers were being conscripted into the army.
Farm machinery and draft animals were requisitioned by the Red Army.

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19
Q

What did grain production fall to in 1942 compared to in 1940?

A

1940 = 95 million tonnes
1942 = 30 million tonnes

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20
Q

What happened to the number of cattle during the war?

A

It halved

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21
Q

During the war, what did the government do as a result of the decrease in agricultural production?

A

Lifted restrictions on the cultivation (farming) of private plots to provide incentives to peasants to keep up production.

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22
Q

By the end of the war, what happened to the Western part of the USSR?

A

It was devastated-people were homeless & towns and villages were classified as ‘destroyed’.

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23
Q

By the end of the war, how many people in the Western part of the USSR were homeless?

A

25 million

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24
Q

By the end of the war, how many of the villages and towns in the Western part of the USSR were classified as ‘destroyed’?

A

1700 towns
70,000 villages

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25
Between what years was the Fourth FYP?
1946-50
26
What was the focus of the Fourth FYP?
Economic reconstruction-restore economy to pre-war levels (massive undertaking in so short a time)
27
During the Fourth FYP, what happened to the factories that had been converted for war material production?
Converted back to civilian production
28
During the Fourth FYP, what needed to happen to large industrial plants?
Needed to be rebuilt
29
What was the shattered economy made difficult because of?
The end of Lend-Lease
30
During the Fourth FYP who did the USSR exploit control over?
Eastern Europe e.g., Poland, Latvia, Czechoslovakia
31
What was taken from Eastern Germany as reparations to the USSR, during the Fourth FYP?
Large amounts of machinery
32
What happened to the large amounts of machinery taken from eastern Germany as reparations?
Was unusable once transported to the USSR
33
Key facts about trade agreements signed with new Soviet-dominated governments of Eastern Europe during the Fourth FYP.
Were so one sided to the advantage of the USSR that they amounted to little more than economic exploitation
34
What was economic reconstruction to be based largely on?
The efforts of the Soviet people using Soviet resources
35
How was industrial production able to recover quickly during the Fourth FYP?
Done using over 2 million slave labourers from the Gulag
36
What was an important part of the progress of the Fourth FYP?
Strong central planning by the government
37
What were retraining programmes effective at ensuring?
Workers had the basic skills needed for the jobs now in demand.
38
During the Fourth FYP, penalties for slackers were softened. True or false.
False-They remained harsh.
39
What was there focus on during the economic reconstruction of the Fourth FYP?
Heavy industry, especially w/production of armaments (weaponry)
40
What areas were especially successfully due to the Fourth FYP?
Metal industry and heavy engineering
41
What remained neglected during the Fourth FYP?
Consumer goods
42
What did the Fourth FYP fail to develop?
New technology e.g., plastics and chemicals
43
Between what years was the Fifth FYP?
1951-55
44
What did the Fifth FYP set out to achieve?
Continued growth
45
During the Fifth FYP, what did the Cold War result in?
An increase in arms (weaponry) expenditure, as the military budget increased year on year (at the cost of human goods).
46
During the Fifth FYP, growth in industries, apart from the military, were less impressive. True or false?
True
47
During the Fifth FYP, where were large amount of resources diverted?
The building of grandiose (grand) projects which had limited economic value.
48
What did the Volga-Don Canal project result in?
A canal that carried very little traffic and one which had statues of Stalin.
49
What were the resources which could have been used to rebuild homes used for instead?
The building of large government buildings in Moscow
50
From what year, after the war, did living standards in towns begin to recover?
1948
51
During the Fifth FYP, price reductions did what?
Eased conditions
52
During the Fifth FYP, in 1952, what year did real wages for urban workers reach the level of?
1928
53
During the Fifth FYP, what area recovered a lot slower after the war?
Countryside
54
What did the 'Link system' give peasants responsibility for during the war?
Areas within the collective farm
55
As a result of the 'Link system', what could peasants do as long as the target for the state was met?
Could keep the remainder of profit
56
After the war, what happened to the 'Link system'?
Was abolished
57
Agricultural production remain low after the war and labour problems continued. True or false?
True
58
Why did the imbalance of sexes become more pronounced?
More able males moved into towns
59
Due to the imbalance of sexes, what was it common to see in villages even as late as 1950?
Villages of women and children
60
What thing made agriculture worse after the war?
1946 drought
61
When was there a famine in parts of Ukraine?
1947
62
When was the grain production figure below that of 1940?
1952
63
After the war, productivity was lower than it had been in what year?
1913
64
After the war, what did Stalin appoint Khrushchev as?
Party Secretary for the Moscow province
65
After appointing Khrushchev as Party Secretary of the Moscow province, what did Stalin want to do to collectives?
Make them larger.
66
Why did Stalin want to make collectives larger?
To make large scale machinery easier
67
Although unpopular, how many larger collectives were there in 1952?
100,000
68
Plan of utilising large areas of semi-desert regions by planting them with trees was successful. True or false?
False-plan came to nothing when the trees died.
69
When did the construction of the Dnieper Dam begin?
1927
70
When did the Dnieper Dam begin producing electricity?
1932
71
At the time of the Dnieper Dam's completion, it was the biggest dam in Europe. True or false?
True
72
What did the Dnieper Dam provide power for?
Steel and aluminium industries in the surrounding area.
73
Through what, was the Dnieper Dam project publicised?
Propaganda posters
74
Despite requiring large amounts of valuable resources for its construction, the Dnieper Dam was of no economic benefit. True or false?
False-It was of considerable benefit, despite the large amounts of resources needed.
75
Between what years was the White Sea Canal constructed?
1931-33
76
How many miles long was the White Sea Canal?
141 miles
77
What 2 things did the White Sea Canal link?
Leningrad to the White Sea
78
How many slave labourers from the Gulag were estimated to be used for the construction of the White Sea Canal?
180,000
79
How much of the 180,000 slave labourers used for the White Sea Canal died in the process of its construction?
About 10,000
80
Despite the huge human loss, what did Stalin praise the White Sea Canal for?
Being a huge success Being completed under budget Being completed in less than 2 years
81
In the rush to cut costs, what happened to the White Sea Canal?
It was not dug deep enough to prevent it icing over during the winter months.
82
What was the Volga-Don Canal a key project of?
Fifth FYP
83
What encouraged the slave labourers of the Volga-Don Canal to work hard on the scheme?
They were told that 1 day working on the project would reduce their prison sentence by 3 days.
84
What did the Volga-Don Canal illustrate?
Growing obsession of Stalin with gigantism at the expense of the practical use.
85
Why did the Volga-Don Canal carry little traffic?
It was located where, of personality (characteristics), it reached absurd heights after the Second World War.
86
What would have had a much greater economic benefit over the Volga-Don Canal?
Investment in rail transport
87
Between what dates was WW2?
1 Sept 1939 – 2 Sept 1945

Russia Unit 2 (7 decks)

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