Lesson 6: Psychoanalytic Approach

Question 1

What is Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory primarily about?

Answer 1

It is about the causes of mental disorders and explaining individual differences in traits and coping mechanisms

Developed between 1900-1930s based on Freud’s observations

Question 2

What are the three key assumptions of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory?

Answer 2

• Structure of the mind
• Mental energy
• Conflict

Question 3

What are the three sections of the mind according to Freud?

Answer 3

• Conscious
• Preconscious
• Unconscious

Question 4

What is the ‘Id’ in Freud’s model?

Answer 4

The dark, inaccessible part of personality focused on instinctual desires and immediate satisfaction

Question 5

What is the role of the ‘Ego’?

Answer 5

It is the problem solver that mediates between the Id, Superego, and environmental demands, aiming to delay gratification

Question 6

What does the ‘Superego’ represent?

Answer 6

It represents conscience, moral direction, and societal values, guiding what one ought to do

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Mental energy is needed for _______.

Answer 7

[motivation]

Question 8

What are the two types of drives in Freud’s theory?

Answer 8

• Libido (sexual drive)
• Thanatos (drive to destroy)

Question 9

What results from the constant conflict between the Id, Ego, and Superego?

Answer 9

Anxiety

Question 10

What happens during the Oral Stage of personality development?

Answer 10

The erogenous zone is the mouth, and the task is to develop ego by learning to delay gratification

Question 11

What are the outcomes of successful and unsuccessful experiences in the Oral Stage?

Answer 11

• Successful: Trust
• Unsuccessful: Dependent or independent (mistrustful)

Question 12

What is the erogenous zone during the Anal Stage?

Answer 12

Anus

Question 13

What are the tasks associated with the Anal Stage?

Answer 13

Develop self-control through toilet training

Question 14

What traits may emerge from an unsuccessful Anal Stage?

Answer 14

• Anal-retentive: obstinate, neat
• Under-controlled: disorderly, aggressive

Question 15

What is the Oedipal complex?

Answer 15

A boy’s need to repress love for his mother and identify with his father, motivated by castration anxiety

Question 16

What is the Electra complex?

Answer 16

A girl’s need to repress envy for her father and dislike for her mother, leading to a weaker Ego

Question 17

What is the focus of the Latency Stage?

Answer 17

Developing coping skills and transforming drives through sublimation

Question 18

What is the task of the Genital Stage?

Answer 18

To attach libido to real external objects and learn to build relationships and contribute to society

Question 19

What does fixation indicate in Freud’s theory?

Answer 19

It suggests unresolved issues from earlier stages that affect personality

Question 20

What is the goal of psychoanalysis?

Answer 20

To bring unresolved issues to consciousness to free up psychic energy

Question 21

What are some defense mechanisms used by the Ego?

Answer 21

• Repression
• Denial
• Regression
• Projection
• Sublimation

Question 22

True or False: Freud’s model emphasizes the noble side of humankind.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What did Karen Horney criticize in Freud’s theory?

Answer 23

The notion of ‘penis envy’ and the focus on sexual motivations over the need for security and love

Question 24

What is Erik Erikson known for?

Answer 24

Developing the psychosocial stages of development that focus on interpersonal conflicts

Question 25

What is the task during the Infancy stage of Erikson's model?

Answer 25

Developing trust vs mistrust

Question 26

What happens during the Toddlerhood stage?

Answer 26

Developing autonomy vs shame/doubt

Question 27

What is the significance of early experiences according to John Bowlby?

Answer 27

They are crucial for developing trust and attachment with caregivers

Question 28

What did Mary Ainsworth's 'strange situation' test assess?

Answer 28

The attachment styles of infants based on their response to caregiver separation

Question 29

What is the significance of infant-caregiver experiences?

Answer 29

They are crucial for developing trust, as infants are hardwired to form attachments with caregivers.

Question 30

How does a responsive caregiver affect an infant's development?

Answer 30

It helps the infant develop a sense of safety/security (trust).

Question 31

What are the consequences of an unresponsive caregiver?

Answer 31

Infants may experience separation anxiety or feel unloved.

Question 32

What are the types of attachment styles identified?

Answer 32

* Secure attachment * Anxious/ambivalent attachment * Avoidant attachment * Disorganized attachment

Question 33

What happens in the 'strange situation' test?

Answer 33

It assesses attachment styles based on the infant's reactions to the caregiver's presence and absence.

Question 34

What characterizes securely attached infants during reunion with their caregiver?

Answer 34

They are happy when the caregiver returns and return to play.

Question 35

What is a key feature of avoidantly attached infants?

Answer 35

They display an angry or solemn response upon the caregiver's return.

Question 36

What is the role of a caregiver for securely attached children?

Answer 36

They serve as a 'secure base' from which the child can explore their environment.

Question 37

How do insecurely attached children perceive their caregivers?

Answer 37

They feel rejected or unloved and develop an internal model of being unworthy.

Question 38

What similarities exist between child and adult attachment styles according to Hazan & Shaver?

Answer 38

Bonds formed in adult romantic relationships resemble bonds formed in infancy.

Question 39

What terms describe adult attachment styles?

Answer 39

* Secure -> Secure * Avoidant -> Dismissing * Anxious/Ambivalent -> Preoccupied

Question 40

What factors can lead to changes in attachment styles?

Answer 40

* Death of a parent * Being bullied * Trauma * Abusive relationships

Question 41

What is the implication of early attachment experiences on worldview?

Answer 41

They shape whether individuals see the world as safe or dangerous.

Question 42

What does Freud's concept of the unconscious entail?

Answer 42

It was described as a 'cauldron full of seething excitations' which has evolved into concepts like 'cognitive unconscious' and 'motivated unconscious.'

Question 43

What is cognitive unconscious?

Answer 43

Information that enters memory subliminally and can prime associated memories.

Question 44

What was demonstrated by Bargh et al. (2001) regarding unconscious priming?

Answer 44

Participants primed with 'performance' words performed better on word search puzzles.

Question 45

What is ego depletion?

Answer 45

The idea that self-control is a limited resource that can become exhausted.

Question 46

What were the findings of Baumeister et al.'s experiments on ego depletion?

Answer 46

Participants who resisted temptation performed worse on subsequent tasks.

Question 47

What moderates the effects of ego depletion?

Answer 47

* Incentives (rewards) * Positive emotions * Implementation intentions (mindfulness training)

Question 48

What is the difference between Freud's ego and the modern view?

Answer 48

Freud's view is less mainstream, focusing on early attachments and the unconscious.