LESSON 8

Question 1

it has been an integral part in European history. From the time of the ancient civilizations all the way to modern times, art has been used to communicate ideologies and belief systems.

Answer 1

Art

Question 2

There are different art movements that emerged within the different time periods in _________. Each movement has a distinctive characteristic to them highlighting the different trends and changes

Answer 2

Europe

Question 3

They were known to place prime importance in the use of reason. For this civilization, man was the center of the society and how they trained their minds could be the very foundation of how they lived their lives. They are notably passionate about natural phenomenon and believed that nature should be in perfect order. These principles, belief systems an ideologies are at the core of Greek art and architecture.

Answer 3

Greeks

Question 4

The development of Greek Art can be divided into four periods:

Answer 4

Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic

Question 5

was a time when Greece was starting to get back from onslaught of what seemed to be their Dark Ages. It was a period when geometric shapes and patterns have taken the spotlight in most of the artworks.

Answer 5

Geometric period

Question 6

placed importance on human figures. This was primarily a result of Greece’s trading activities with other civilizations.

Answer 6

Archaic period

Question 7

The peak of Greek sculpture and architecture was during the ___________. It was during this time when the Greeks found themselves rebuilding their temples and focusing on creating artworks.

Answer 7

Classical Period

Question 8

The time of Alexander the Great was called the ____________. Art was primarily focused on showcasing emotions and depicting reality. Sculptures started to emphasize balance while showcasing dynamic poses and a number of emotions evoked by the subjects.

Answer 8

Hellenistic Period

Question 9

This depicts Lacoon , a Trojan priest and his sons being strangled by serpents . This is an example of work wherein the Greeks emphasized the details of the body .

Answer 9

Lacoon and his Sons

Question 10

The origins of theater and drama can be traced back during the Greek civilization. The followers of Dionysus-the God of fertility- started the Greek theater. People who were devoted to Dionysus would dance during ceremonies while giving their offerings to their God. It devised a more structured form of drama involving dances and choral songs, which depicted Greek mythologies.

Answer 10

Lacoon and his Sons

Question 11

was established around 500 BCE. This civilization eventually transformed into one of Western Europe’s mightiest empires.

Answer 11

Roman Republic

Question 12

came of age during the Hellenistic Period.

Answer 12

Roman Civilization

Question 13

They were fond of the Greeks and their achievements in the arts as Greeks’ culture influences the Mediterranean world

Answer 13

The Romans

Question 14

The fusion of Greek and Romans cultures can be seen in _______

Answer 14

Roman artworks.

Question 15

They produced artworks that are often looking stern, harsh and strong.

Answer 15

Romans

Question 16

They also invoked the principles of realism in most of their works, highlighting the features of human beings. They were also known to be master builders, which earned their reputation for grand monuments and architectural infrastructures

Answer 16

Romans

Question 17

One of their architectural achievements would have to be the ________. This amphitheater was planned and constructed during the reign of Emperor Vespasian. One of its main uses was for entertainment purposes like public events and gladiator games. This structure was a concrete manifestation of Roman builders’ craftsmanship which focused on logical organization of the entire edifice.

Answer 17

Colosseum

Question 18

Just like the Greeks, Romans valued their gods and this was evident with their sculptures and artworks.

Answer 18

Poseidon and Medusa

Question 19

It was the period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. It was a period that is characterized by ignorance and darkness. Another dominant characteristic of the period was that the Church was the central figure and the authority of the period.

Answer 19

Middle Ages

Question 20

Since the church was the most important figure, the most important products of the early _________ would have to be copied of the Christian scriptures.

Answer 20

Middle Ages

Question 21

It came later after the Middle Ages, so copies of the scriptures with illustrations and decorations highlighting the religious focus of the period were done by hand.

Answer 21

Printing Press

Question 22

Great cathedrals were built during this period.

Answer 22

Middle Ages

Question 23

These cathedrals can be categorized into two periods:

Answer 23

• Romanesque (1050-1200), inspired by the old Roman Empire
• Gothic (1200-1500) which had a more northern flavor from the Gothsvulgar and barbarian.

Question 24

During this period, artists valued the “individual” as a subject of arts. The influence of humanism shifted the focus of some artworks during the Renaissance period to empower the “individual”.

Answer 24

Renaissance Period/Art

Question 25

Most artwork emphasized naturalism, which was an influenced of humanism since there was a great emphasis on the proportionality of the human body

Answer 25

Renaissance Art

Question 26

Most artists also added perspective of depth wherein spaces were explored in different artworks. This technique provided a three-dimensional perspective of most Renaissance paintings. Renaissance artists also gave importance to non-religious themes or subjects.

Answer 26

Renaissance Art

Question 27

There was also a revival of Roman theatrical plays. These plays were performed during special occasions at the courts of Italian princes. Aside from song and dance numbers, they invested in elaborate stages and costumes for the actors.

Answer 27

Renaissance Art

Question 28

This sculpture is an example of how humanism was a dominant belief system during the Renaissance wherein there is an emphasis on the details of the body of the human being .

Answer 28

Michelangelo "David"

Question 29

It was a period in art history, which was a product of the Renaissance Period. During the Renaissance, artists would observe nature and try their best to emulate it based on their observations

Answer 29

Mannerism

Question 30

Artists started directly copying subjects from existing works of arts. Most artworks displayed distorted figures, two dimensional spaces, discordant hues and colors and lack of defined focal point.

Answer 30

Mannerism

Question 31

The term **“baroque”** is derived from the Portuguese term **barocco** which means **“irregularly shaped pearl”**. This period was a response to ________

Answer 31

Pretestantism

Question 32

A lot of artists have developed styles and techniques different from their Renaissance predecessors. Most artists used colorful palettes and ornamentations in their works.

Answer 32

Baroque and the Rococo

Question 33

also flourished during the Baroque period. This is because people believed that music could serve as powerful tool to communicate messages that can evoke certain feelings among its listeners.

Answer 33

Music

Question 34

was able to distinguish clearly loud from soft and solo from ensemble. Most composers of music come from Italy. The influence of Baroque music spread outside Italy and reached other parts of Europe. Since Baroque composers tried to evoke certain emotions from their audience, they began to make more complex musical compositions and performances which was only limited to powerful institutions like the Church and individuals like the patrons and thus, would be made accessible only to the middle class and the masses.

Answer 34

Baroque music

Question 35

A painting by **Titian** located at **Venice, Italy.** The biblical event in the painting shows how the Baroque period reverted to having religious subjects in their works.

Answer 35

Assumption of the Virgin

Question 36

It was a movement in **Europe** that transpired during the **late 18th and early 19th centuries**. It was the dominant art movement that time which basically aimed to revive and rekindle the influences of Greek and Roman into art and architecture.

Answer 36

Neo Classicism

Question 37

Some historians say that this movement was a reaction to the artworks produced during the **Baroque Period**. There was a call to veer away from such extravagance in terms of style and form of the Baroque Period

Answer 37

Neoclassicism

Question 38

It is an art movement which used the central themes of Neoclassicist artworks as a springboard. Romanticists have highlighted heroic elements into their work. Revolutionary movement such as French Revolution became the focal point of most Romantic works

Answer 38

Romanticism

Question 39

The major and central themes of __________ movement include the emphasis on the goodness of mankind. Most works also promoted justice, equality and social order. They also emphasized emotions and feelings of man.

Answer 39

Romanticism

Question 40

It is a style of work focuses on the accuracy of details that depicts and somehow mirrors reality. There is a little room for imagination since emphasis is placed in observable traits that can concretize through artworks.

Answer 40

Realism

Question 41

This movement expanded and widened existing notions of what can be considered as art. Since artists worked within the context of revolutions and social change, artistic works began to depict a real-life events. This movement also reexamined existing belief systems and traditions.

Answer 41

Realism

Question 42

This movement started in France, which led to a break from the tradition in European painting. It is a style in painting that emerged in the mid-to late 1800s.

Answer 42

Impressionism

Question 43

They incorporated scientific principles to achieve a more distinct representation of color. It allows the artist to emphasize the immediate impression he has of a particular event or scene. The said impression is communicated through the brushstrokes, distinction of colors and the lights and shadows used by the artist

Answer 43

Impressionist artists

Question 44

They started moving art outdoors which aimed to include the shifting light they wanted to capture in their works . This Morisot’s artwork is one of the first few “open air” paintings under the Impressionism movement .

Answer 44

Impressionist artists

Question 45

An art movement that emerged in France, which is a result of both the influence and rejection of Impressionism as most of the artists started as an impressionist but later on saw the flaws and limitations of impressionism.

Answer 45

Post-Impressionism

Question 46

This style gave emphasis to defining from with the use of broken colors and short brush stroke. Some of the famous artists include **Paul Cezanne, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin** and **Vincent van Gogh.**

Answer 46

Post-Impressionism

Question 47

It is an art movement that is considered as a response to empirical realism of impressionism. Most painters under this movement rely on a systematic and scientific techniques that have a predetermined visual effects not only on the artwork itself but also how the audience perceive the art.

Answer 47

Neo-impressionism

Question 48

The leading figure under this movement was **Georges Seurat** who recorded optical sensations on a more scientific manner. His color theories paved the way for the technique called **pointillism**. This technique utilizes discrete dots and dashes of pure color.

Answer 48

Neo-impressionism

Question 49

An art style emerged between **1890 and 1910**. This ornamental style of art was a break from the conservative historicism, which was the prevailing and dominant theme of most Western artworks.

Answer 49

Art Nouveau

Question 50

This style uses long and organic lines that are concretely manifested in architecture, jewelry and glass design. In most works, the defining characteristic of Art Nouveau is the asymmetrical line that usually is in the form of insect wings or flower stalks.

Answer 50

Art Nouveau

Question 51

A style of painting that emerged in France around the turn of the 20th century. They used pure and vibrant colors by applying straight from the paint tubes directly to the canvas. They painted directly from nature.

Answer 51

Fauvism

Question 52

Most fauvist works reject the conservative and traditional renderings of three-dimensional space. What artists did was they introduced and promoted a picture space that is defined by the movement of color.

Answer 52

Fauvism

Question 53

A new visual arts style introduced by **Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque between 1907 and 1914.**

Answer 53

Cubism

Question 54

They highlighted the two-dimensional surface of the picture plane.

Answer 54

Cubist

Question 55

Focusing on a flat surface was a rejection of the dominant techniques like the use of perspective, foreshortening and modeling. Existing and prevailing notion that art should imitate nature is also one of the rejections of Cubism.

Answer 55

Cubism

Question 56

They emphasized that they are not obliged to copy texture, form, color and space.

Answer 56

Cubism

Question 57

An art movement that **started in Italy in early 20th Century**. It highlighted the speed, energy, and power of machines. Common themes for works in this movement are restlessness and the fastpace of modern life. Its greatest impact is evident in poetry and visual arts.

Answer 57

Futurism

Question 58

Italian poet and editor ______________ coined the term “futurism” to reflect his purpose of disregarding the traditional methods of the art in the past.

Answer 58

Filippon Tommaso Marinetti