LESSON 8: ENERGY BALANCE

Question 1

Capacity to do work

Answer 1

ENERGY

Question 2

The MEASUREMENT of HEAT or ENERGY produced by food in the body

Answer 2

CALORIMETRY

Question 3

LEVEL OF ENERGY INTAKE from food that SHOULD MEET the nutritional needs

Answer 3

Energy Requirement

Question 4

AMOUNT OF ENERGY spent in maintaining the voluntary and involuntary activities of the body as well as the thermogenic effect of food

Answer 4

Energy expenditure

Question 5

ENERGY MADE available to the body by the oxidation of nutrients from food

Answer 5

Energy Intake

Question 6

TOTAL AMOUNT OF CONSUMED ENERGY
versus the amount of energy expended

Answer 6

Energy balance

Question 7

makes use of a bomb calorimeter or a respiration chamber as instruments to measure heat production directly

Answer 7

Direct Calorimetry

Question 8

well-insulated container used to measure the heat produced by a known amount of food when it is burned

Answer 8

Bomb calorimeter

Question 9

small well-insulated room

Answer 9

Respiration Chamber

Question 10

calculated from oxygen consumption

Answer 10

Energy expenditure of humans

Question 11

At water or physiologic fuel values (PFVs), 4, 4, and 9 kcal for
C, P and F content of food, respectively

Answer 11

Energy value of food

Question 12

– the source is OXYGEN

Answer 12

CLOSED CIRCUIT

Question 13

– the source of oxygen is OUTSIDE

Answer 13

OPEN CIRCUIT

Question 14

When energy intake is _____ expenditure, the individual is in _____ energy
balance. It means that the body tissues, particularly body fat, are broken down (CATABOLISM) to provide the needed energy.

Answer 14

LESS THAN
NEGATIVE

Question 15

When energy intake EQUALS energy expenditure, the individual is said to be in state of ENERGY BALANCE. → results in WEIGHT MAINTENANCE & maintenance of body composition that normally is about 15% & 25% body fat for males & females, respectively

true or false

Answer 15

true

Question 16

When energy intake is greater than energy expenditure, the individual is in positive energy balance. This indicates tissue synthesis (ANABOLISM)

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

FOUR Factors affecting energy intake

Answer 17

• HUNGER
• APPETITE
• SATIETY
• SATIATION

Question 18

irritating feeling that motivates a person to eat

Answer 18

HUNGER

Question 19

physiologic desire to eat
Psychological; A learned response to food

Answer 19

APPETITE

Question 20

stops you from eating; suppresses hunger

Answer 20

SATIETY

Question 21

maintains the signal not to start eating again

Answer 21

SATIATION

Question 22

– contains feeding and satiety centers that control food intake

Answer 22

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 23

chemical produced in the brain that stimulates appetite, diminishes energy expenditure and increases fat storage

Answer 23

Neuropeptide Y

Question 24

hormone encoded by the ob gene in the adipose tissue

Answer 24

Leptin

Question 25

Voluntary movement of the muscles and the support system

Answer 25

Physical Activity

Question 26

increase in fat cell SIZE

Answer 26

Hypertrophy

Question 27

increase in fat cell NUMBER

Answer 27

Hyperplasia

Question 28

 An excessive amount of fat in the body  Body weights of greater than 120% of desirable weight

Answer 28

OBESITY

Question 29

Promote rapid weight loss, limited food selections, offer testimonials from famous people, billed as “cure-alls”, include expensive supplements & no attempt to alter food habits

Answer 29

Fad Diets

Question 30

– an epinephrine-like drug can cause slight decrease in food intake

Answer 30

Phenylpropanolamine

Question 31

– numbs the tongue

Answer 31

Benzocaine

Question 32

it blunts the appetite

Answer 32

Caffeine

Question 33

2 Types of Obesity

Answer 33

* Android/ Apple-shaped * Gynoid/ Gynecoid/ Pear-shaped

Question 34

Central obesity (fat around abdomen)

Answer 34

* Android/ Apple-shaped

Question 35

Fat around thighs & hips More common in females

Answer 35

* Gynoid/ Gynecoid/ Pear-shaped

Question 36

Indicator of fat distribution associated with health risk

Answer 36

WAIST HIP RATIO

Question 37

Waist Desirable values for  Women =  Men =

Answer 37

<0.8 <0.95

Question 38

standard for estimating energy needs

Answer 38

Indirect Calorimetry

Question 39

What are the FOUR ENERGY-YIELDING COMPONENTS of FOODS

Answer 39

CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN FATS ALCOHOL

Question 40

A condition wherein body weight is less than 90% of DBW

Answer 40

UNDERWEIGHT

Question 41

Eating disorders which has DISTORTED BODY IMAGE brought by familial or environmental influence (media etc.) - Refusal to gain weight

Answer 41

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 42

Stress, loneliness, boredom Binge-eating, self-induced vomiting

Answer 42

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 43

– position & inflate a BALLON inside stomach without surgery; removed - after 3 months to minimize gastric ulcer, internal bruising and intestinal blockage

Answer 43

Gastric balloons

Question 44

connected the first foot of the jejunum to the last 4 inches of the ileum, bypassing approximately 12 feet of intestinal absorptive area

Answer 44

Intestinal bypass

Question 45

tolerate only LIQUID DIET

Answer 45

JAW WIRING

Question 46

plastic surgeons extract fat deposits by suction lipectomy

Answer 46

LIPOSUCTION